污损阻抗型漆酚基聚氨酯防污涂层的制备及性能研究

Preparation and Performance Investigation of Fouling-Resistant Urushiol-Based Polyurethane Antifouling Coatings

以天然漆酚为硬段,可生物降解的聚己内酯二醇为软段,通过调控软硬段比例,设计合成系列漆酚基聚氨酯(UPC),研究了不同固化方式(热固化和N3390固化剂辅助室温固化)制备的UPC涂层的热稳定性、机械性能和表面特性,并考察了涂层的防污性能。结果表明,UPC单体的热稳定性随漆酚含量的增加而增大,同时UPC涂层对基材具有较强的粘附力,成膜性好,力学强度和柔韧性在一定范围内也随着硬段组分漆酚含量的增加而增大。热固化的UPC涂层表面疏水性都在90°以上,高于固化剂辅助室温固化的UPC涂层。良好的疏水性、较低的表面能和弹性模量赋予UPC涂层高效的污损脱附特性,从而表现出对细菌和海藻粘附良好的抑制作用。该漆酚基聚氨酯涂层不含任何防污剂,是一种绿色、环境友好且性能优良的生物质基海洋防污材料。

Polyurethane coatings based on natural urushiol(UPC)as the hard segment and biodegradable polyethylene glycol adipate as the soft segment were designed and synthesized by adjusting the ratio of the soft and hard segments.The thermal stability,mechanical properties,and surface characteristics of UPC coatings prepared through different curing methods(thermal curing and N3390 curing agent-assisted room-temperature curing)were investigated.The anti-fouling performance of the coatings was also examined.The results showed that the thermal stability of the UPC monomer increased with the content of urushiol.Additionally,the UPC coatings exhibited strong adhesion to the substrate,good film-forming properties,and increased mechanical strength and flexibility within a certain range as the hard segment component(urushiol content)increased.The hydrophobicity of the thermally cured UPC coatings was above 90°,higher than that of the UPC coatings cured with the curing agent at room temperature.The excellent hydrophobicity,low surface energy,and elastic modulus endowed the UPC coatings with efficient fouling-release properties,demonstrating significant inhibition of bacterial and algal adhesion.This urushiol-based polyurethane coating,free from any anti-fouling agents,represents a green,environmentally friendly,and high-performance biomimetic marine anti-fouling material.