“语境”考论

A Research of ′Context′

语境的多样性、非明确性、建构性等特点,使得我们试图寻找一个原初的或确定的语境变得不可能。但文本理解需要语境,人们批判或解构语境,比如文本与语境僵化的二分法,目的不是要否定或取消语境,而是为了更好地理解文本。语境建构大致可分为文本外建构、文本与语境的协商两个方面,而在事件现象学中,文本在自身显现中超越了语境,文本的意义不再需要语境来阐释。不同的语境建构理论体现了不同的理解文本的方式和路径,语境问题与文本的意义生产密切相关。理解文本永远不可能有一个最终的语境或语境理论,也不会有一个最终的语境建构的实施方案,我们只能在避免诸多关于语境的错误认识中,结合文本意义的生产特点,针对不同的研究对象建构不同的语境。

The diversity,ambiguity,and constructiveness of context make it impossible for us to find an original or definite context.But understanding text requires context,and people criticize context,such as the rigid dichotomy between text and context,not to negate or cancel context,but to better understand the text.The construction of context can be roughly divided into two aspects:external construction of text and negotiation between text and context.With the event phenomenology,text transcends context in its own manifestation,and the meaning of the text no longer needs context to be explained.Different contextual construction theories reflect different ways and paths of understanding texts,and contextual issues are closely related to the production of meaning in texts.We must understand that there can never be a final context or context theory for understanding a text,nor can there be a final implementation plan for constructing a context.We can only construct different contexts for different objects while avoiding many misconceptions about context.