民营经济专门立法的理据、定位及体系表达

Theoretical Basis,Legislative Positioning and Systematic Expression of Special Legislation for Private Economy

民营经济是推动我国建成社会主义现代化强国,实现第二个百年奋斗目标的重要力量。从国家层面对民营经济进行专门立法是对民营经济由政策促进到立法保障的需要、是统筹推进国家立法与地方立法的需要、是优化民营经济发展环境的需要。基于我国现有民营经济规范的现实特征,考虑到立法功能的实现等原因,促进型立法应当是我国民营经济立法的定位选择,但是促进型立法因其软法规范较多可能带来权威不足,过于倚重激励机制可能导致手段和目标偏离,也需要提前预防。体系化是科学立法的关键维度,民营经济促进法在体系外部要合理衔接宪法、地方民营经济专门立法、其他单行立法以及民营经济政策;在体系内部,民营经济促进法要实现从目标到规范、从原则到规则两个层面的体系构建。

The private economy is an important force in promoting the building of a strong modern socialist coun-try in China and achieving the goal of the second hundred years of struggle.Special legislation on the pri-vate economy at the national level is necessary to promote the private economy from policy to legislativeprotection,to promote national and local legislation in an integrated manner,and to optimise the environ-ment for the development of the private economy.Based on the realistic characteristics of the existingnorms of the private economy in China,and considering the realisation of the legislative function,the pro-motional legislation should be the positioning choice for the legislation of the private economy in China,but the promotional legislation may bring about insufficient authority due to more soft law norms,and thedeviation from the means and goals that may be caused by too much reliance on incentive mechanismshould also be prevented in advance.Systematisation is the key dimension of scientific legislation,and theprivate economy promotion law should be reasonably connected with the Constitution,local special legisla-tion on private economy,other separate legislation and private economy policies outside the system;withinthe system,the private economy promotion law should achieve the construction of a system at two levels,from objectives to norms and from principles to rules.