一种非化约主义的法本体论何以可能?

Is There An Irreductionist Ontology of Law?

传统法理学和法社会学研究在回应“法律是什么”这一本体论问题时均采用了化约主义的理论框架,难以充分说明日益复杂的法律实践现象。一种非化约主义的法本体论将持有形态发生学的观点,把法律视为由异质性实体所构成的实践网络,其区别性特征是在其中浮现的一种整体性网络特征。在这种形态发生学观点下,法律实践网络中的异质性实体被称为“司法变形体”,它们一方面具有各异的特性,另一方面又都具有通向法律之整体的法律途径;要发现这种法律途径,则需要法律实践中的人类参与者秉承实践所要求的内在主体性。法律实践网络的区别性特征在于它提供了一种独特的实践动员形式,将具体实践行为可归属化,与其实践主体用肤浅而形式化的途径联系起来。非化约主义的法本体论补充了现有法本体论的概念分析进路和经验研究进路,能更充分地说明法律实践中日益兴起的技术现象。

Traditional legal theory and sociology of law have responded to the ontological question of“what islaw”by adopting a reductionist framework,which makes it difficult to adequately account for the increas-ingly complex phenomenon of legal practice.An irreductionist ontology of law would hold a morphogeneticview of law as a network of heterogeneous entities whose distinctive feature is a holistic network featurethat emerges within it.In this morphogenetic view,the heterogeneous entities in the network of legal prac-tices are referred to as“jurimorphs,”which,on the one hand,have different individual properties of theirown and,on the other hand,have legal means to the totality of law.The discovery of legal means requiresthat the human participants in the practice of law be imbued with the intrinsic subjectivity asked by legalpractice.The distinctive feature of the network of legal practices is that it provides a unique form of mobili-sation,makes specific acts of practice assignable to their subjects in a superficial and formal way.An irre-ductionist ontology of law complements the existing conceptual and empirical approaches to legal ontology,and is able to provide a more adequate account of the growing phenomenon of technology in legal practice.