磷酸铁工业废水处理工艺研究进展

Research progress of iron phosphate industrial wastewater treatment process

近年来锂离子电池正极材料磷酸铁锂广受关注,带动其前驱体磷酸铁相关研究及生产呈现爆发式增长。然而,主流工艺生产磷酸铁的过程中会产生大量废水,制约了磷酸铁行业绿色、健康发展。目前,已报道的磷酸铁工业废水处理方法有沉淀法、硫酸铵镁结晶法、微生物分解法、膜分离法等,但是沉淀法污泥难处理、难回收,磷酸铵镁法需额外加入药剂以满足沉淀配比,微生物法稳定性及灵活性较差,膜分离法需配合其他处理技术对膜进水预处理并对膜浓水处理回用,因此工业化应用中常将多种技术结合,形成综合处理方法,可对磷酸铁废水达到较好的处理效果。最后,从废水高效预处理及有价元素回收再利用方面入手,对未来磷酸铁行业的废水处理技术进行了展望。

In recent years,lithium iron phosphate,a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries,has attracted wide attention,driving its precursor iron phosphate related research and production to show explosive growth.However,the mainstream process of iron phosphate production produce a lot of wastewater,restricting the green and healthy development of iron phosphate industry.At present,the reported treatment methods of industrial wastewater of iron phosphate include precipitation method,magnesium ammonium sulfate crystallization,microbial decomposition,membrane separation,etc.But the sludge produced by precipitation method is difficult to treat and recover,magnesium ammonium phosphate method requires the addition of additional agents to meet the precipitation conditions,the stability and flexibility of microbial method are poor,and the membrane separation method should be combined with other treatment techniques to pretreat the membrane inlet water and to treat the membrane concentrated water for reuse.Therefore,in industrial application,a variety of technologies are often combined to form a comprehensive treatment method,which can achieve a better treatment effect on iron phosphate wastewater.Finally,the future wastewater treatment technology of iron phosphate industry was prospected from the aspects of efficient wastewater pretreatment and valuable elements recovery and reuse.