规范主义健康概念的重构:对自然主义批评的回应

Reconstruction of the Normative Health Concept:A Response to Naturalism Critiques

对规范主义健康概念的辩护涉及不同范畴,即道德、功能、描述性和规范性等。可以确定两种主要立场:第一种是属性规范主义,认为健康概念可以与道德与功能等属性联系起来,从而形成规范主义的健康概念;第二种是二元论规范主义,认为描述性与规范性的二元论完善了健康概念的分析,从而简化规范主义健康概念的辩护策略。但他们都面临着自然主义的持续挑战。立足改良版本的事实、价值二元规范主义视角,重构规范主义健康概念并为其辩护,关键是区分健康判断与健康概念及事实与价值,自然主义的局限性是对健康概念及其价值施加了不合理要求。

The defense of the normative health concept involves different categories,namely morality,function,descriptiveness and normativity,etc.Two main positions can be identified:the first is attribute normativism,which holds that the concept of health can be linked to attributes such as morality and function,thus forming a normative concept of health;the second is dualistic normativism,which argues that the dichotomy between descriptive and normative aspects enhances the analysis of the concept of health,simplifying the defense strategy of normative health concepts.However,both face constant challenge from naturalism.Standing on the basis of a modified version of the fact-value dualistic normative perspective,we can reconstruct and defend the normative concept of health.It proposes that the key to the normativism of the concept of health is to distinguish between health judgments and health concepts,and between facts and values.The limitation of naturalism lies in its unreasonable demands on the concept of health and its values.