景迈山古茶园与现代有机茶园根际土壤微生物群落研究

Study on the Microbial Community of Rhizosphere Soil in Ancient Tea Garden and Modern Organic Tea Garden in Jingmai Mountain

【目的】研究不同生境茶园茶树根际土壤微生物群落的组成及多样性,识别影响茶树根际土壤微生物的主要驱动因素,为根际土壤微生物群落和茶树病虫害防治之间的关系研究以及土壤微生物的功能和开发利用提供理论依据。【方法】采用Illumina-MiSeq高通量测序技术对古茶园与现代有机茶园根际土壤微生物的群落组成和多样性进行探究,采用冗余分析对土壤养分与微生物之间关系进行探索。【结果】现代有机茶园根际土壤中阳离子交换量、有机质、腐殖质、氨氮、铵态氮、有效磷和水分高于古茶园,具有显著差异;不同茶园的优势细菌种群均为放线菌门、酸杆菌门和浮霉菌门,真菌种群均为子囊菌门、被孢霉门和担子菌门,除未明确分类地位的属以外,古茶园与现代有机茶园的优势菌属组成非常相似,但是每个菌属在不同茶园中的相对丰度都存在较大差异。冗余分析表明,阳离子交换量、有机质、腐殖质、氨氮和铵态氮是造成茶园根际土壤微生物群落结构与多样性差异的主要环境因子。【结论】现代有机茶园根际土壤养分与物种丰富度显著高于古茶园,不同茶园根际土壤中的优势菌属组成高度相似,但其丰度差异显著,与土壤养分呈现高度相关性。

【Objective】It is to study the composition and diversity of rhizosphere soil microbial communities in tea gardens of different habitats,to identify the main driving factors affecting rhizosphere soil microbial communities,and to provide theoretical basis for the study of the relationship between rhizosphere soil microbial communities and pest control of tea trees,as well as for the function and utilization of soil microbials.【Method】We used Illumina-MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology to investigate the community composition and diversity of soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil communities of Jingmai Mountain Ancient Tea Garden(GS)and Jingmai Mountain Modern Organic Tea Garden(TS),and used redundancy analysis to explore the relationship between soil nutrients and microorganisms.【Result】The cation exchange capacity,organic matter,humus,ammonia nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus,and water content in the rhizosphere soil in TS were higher than those in the GS,showing significant differences;the dominant bacterial populations in both gardens were Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria,and Planctomycetes,and the dominant fungal populations are Ascomycota,Mortierellomycota,and Basidiomycota,except for the unclassified genera.The dominant bacterial genera in GS are very similar to those in TS,but the relative abundance of each genus varies greatly in two gardens.Redundancy analysis shows that cation exchange capacity,organic matter,humus,ammonia nitrogen,and ammonium nitrogen were the main environmental factors causing differences in the microbial community structure and diversity in the rhizosphere soil of two tea gardens.【Conclusion】The nutrient and species richness of the rhizosphere soil of TS was significantly higher than that of Gs,and the composition of the dominant bacterial genera in the rhizosphere soil of two tea gardens was highly similar,but their abundance varied significantly,showing a high degree of correlation with soil nutrients.