云南杧果种质资源矮化相关形态指标的鉴定及综合评价

Identification and comprehensive evaluation of morphological indicators related to the dwarfing in mango germplasm resources of Yunnan

杧果是重要的热带水果,研发有效的矮化鉴定评价方法对于挖掘和利用杧果矮化种质资源,加速矮化品种选育至关重要。本研究以云南华坪县杧果种质资源圃180份杧果种质资源为试材,测定秋梢长度、秋梢直径、节间长度、叶柄长度、叶柄宽度、叶长、叶宽等7个可能与矮化相关的形态指标,采用相关性分析、正态分布检验、隶属函数和主成分分析相结合的方法,对180份杧果资源进行矮化等级评级并鉴定,筛选适合杧果矮化的综合评价体系。结果表明,秋梢长度等7个相关形态指标均具有较好的遗传多样性,符合或近似符合正态分布特点;主成分分析获得3个主成分可解释相关指标71.84%的原始数据信息量,初步明确了秋梢长度等7个相关性状作为杧果矮化综合评价的主要形态指标,可用于有效评价杧果种质的矮化性状。综合评价将180份杧果种质划分为5个矮乔化等级,即Ⅰ级,矮化,8份种质;Ⅱ级,半矮化,12份种质;Ⅲ级,亚乔化,66份种质;Ⅳ级,乔化,60份种质;Ⅴ级,极乔化,34份种质,筛选出桂热杧71号、红光3号、Bangchpalli(板迟黎)、爱文、高州吕宋、凌水大杧、龙井大杧、墨西哥杧、巴西红杧、陈皮杧、翠云、桂热杧3号、凯豪杧、凯特、南豆杧4号、热研16号、Appee(苹果杧)、krs(凯瑞斯)、肯特、热农2号等一批矮化或半矮化的种质资源。本研究结果表明采用秋梢长度等7个主要形态指标为测定参数,基于主成分分析的综合评价方法进行杧果矮化性状的鉴定评价是准确可靠的,为杧果矮化资源的深入发掘和开发利用提供了参考。

Mango is an important tropical fruit,and the development of effective methods for identification and evaluation of dwarfing is crucial for the exploration,utilization,and accelerating breeding of dwarfing mango resources.In this study,180 mango germplasm resources from Huaping County,Yunnan,were used as research materials.Seven morphological indicators potentially related to dwarfing,including autumn shoot length,autumn shoot diameter,internode length,petiole length,petiole width,leaf length,and leaf width were measured.A combined approach of correlation analysis,normal distribution test,membership function,and principal component analysis was employed to grade and identify the dwarfing levels of the 180 mango resources and a comprehensive evaluation system suitable for mango dwarfing was established.The results showed that the seven related morphological indicators,including autumn shoot length,exhibited good genetic diversity and followed or approximately followed a normal distribution.Principal component analysis extracted three components,explaining 71.845%of the original data information for the correlated indicators,which preliminarily confirmed the seven related traits including autumn shoot length as major morphological indicators for the comprehensive evaluation of mango dwarfing and effectively evaluating the dwarfing characteristics of mango germplasm.The comprehensive evaluation results classified the 180 mango germplasm resources into five grades:Grade I(dwarfing)with 8 resources,Grade II(semi-dwarfing)with 12 resources,Grade III(sub-erect)with 66 resources,Grade IV(erect)with 60 resources,and Grade V(extreme-erect)with 34 resources.Several dwarfing or semi-dwarfing germplasm resources were identified,including Guire 71,Hongguang 3,Bangchpalli,Aiwen,Gaozhou Lüsong,Lingshui Daming,Longjing Daming,Mexican Mango,Brazilian Red Mango,Chenpi Mango,Cuiyun,Guire 3,Kaihao Mango,Kaitai,Nandou Mango 4,Renong 16,Appee,Krs,Kent,and Renong 2.The study demonstrated that using autumn shoot length and the other seven major morphological indicators as measurement parameters and employing a comprehensive evaluation method based on principal component analysis for evaluation and identification of dwarfing characteristics is accurate and reliable,which provided a scientific basis for the in-depth exploration and development of mango dwarfing resources.