化肥减施下有机肥对香蕉生长、产量形成及经济效益的影响

Effects of organic fertilizer on the growth and yield formation and economic benefits of banana under reducing chemical fertilizations

采用随机区组设计进行田间小区试验,设5个不同肥料处理,分别为T0(对照):常规单施化肥;T1:常规施化肥+有机肥;T2:常规施化肥减量20%+有机肥;T3:常规施化肥减量40%+有机肥;T4:常规施化肥减量60%+有机肥。分别调查各处理的香蕉株高、茎围、青叶数、叶长、叶宽、果指数、果指质量,并测定小区蕉果产量,对比分析不同处理的经济效益。结果表明,相比较于常规单施化肥(对照),常规施肥下增施有机肥的两季香蕉产量显著提高22.3%~23.8%。化肥减量配施有机肥处理T2、T3显著提高香蕉的假茎围、青叶数(p<0.05),两季香蕉产量较对照显著提高17.9%~20.1%、14.9%~19.3%。经济效益分析结果显示,与对照相比,处理T3的第2季纯收益提高42.4%~62.4%、产出投入比由(1.21~1.26)∶1上升到(1.27~1.39)∶1,综合经济效益最佳。化肥减施条件下施用有机肥可改善香蕉生长相关农艺性状,提高香蕉产量和经济效益,建议在海南蕉园推广有机肥(鸡粪+复合微生物液体肥)。化肥减量40%+鸡粪+复合微生物液体肥是适宜海南香蕉的化肥减量增效模式。

A field plot experiment was carried out in random block design,and the treatments of 5 different fertilizer application methods were designed,including T0:conventional application of chemical fertilizer(CK);T1:normal chemical fertilizer plus organic fertilizer;T2:20%reduction of chemical fertilizer plus organic fertilizer;T3:40%reduction of chemical fertilizer plus organic fertilizer;T4:60%reduction of chemical fertilizer plus organic fertilizer(T4).The plant height,pseudo stem girth,leaf number,leaf length,leaf width,finger number and finger weight of all treatments were investigated,and their fruit yield was measured and the economic benefits of different treatments were calculated with multiple comparative analysis.The results showed that compared to the CK,the fruit yield of treatment T1 in the first two years were significantly increased by 22.3%-23.8%.Treatment T2 and treatment T3 had significant(p<0.05)effects on increasing pseudo stem girth and leaf numbers of the plant,and increased the fruit yield by 17.9%-20.1%,14.9%-19.3%,respectively,in the first two years compared with CK.Economic benefit analysis showed that compared with CK,the net income of treatment T3 was increased by 42.4%-62.4%in the second year,and the output to input ratio increased from(1.21-1.26)︰1 to(1.27-1.39)︰1,showing the best comprehensive economic benefit.Chemical fertilizer reduction plus organic fertilizer could improve the agronomic characters related to banana growth,increase the yield and economic benefits.It is suggested to popularize the use of organic fertilizer(chicken manure+composite microbial liquid fertilizer).Chemical fertilizer reduction of 40%+chicken manure+composite microbial liquid fertilizer is a suitable chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency model for banana cultivation in Hannan.