轮作与配施有机肥对菠萝生长、果实品质及产量的影响

Effects of crop rotation and organic fertilizer application on the growth,fruit quality and yield of pineapple

通过田间试验,研究轮作与配施有机肥对菠萝生长、果实品质与产量的影响。结果表明:与菠萝连作(PP)处理相比,菠萝连作配施生物有机肥(PPB)、菠萝-甘蔗轮作(PS)、菠萝-甘蔗轮作配施生物有机肥(PSB)处理可显著促进菠萝生长、提高果实产量和品质。在植株生长方面,PPB、PS及PSB处理对叶长、叶宽及叶片数有显著的促进作用;在果实外观方面,果实纵径、横径、果眼数、果肉厚度、果肉厚度/果心直径比显著增加,而顶芽高与果心直径显著下降;在果实品质方面,可溶性固形物、维生素C及可溶性糖含量显著提高,可滴定酸含量明显降低;在产量方面,平均单果质量分别显著增加32.61%、51.09%和71.74%,总产量分别显著增加14.74%、34.58%和48.28%。此外,PSB处理的产量、果实性状及品质指标显著高于PPB处理,且优于PS处理。建议当地发展菠萝时,可在菠萝-甘蔗轮作基础上,适当配施生物有机肥。

Field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of crop rotation and organic fertilizer application on pineapple growth,fruit quality,and yield.The results showed that compared with pineapple continuous cropping(PP)treatment,pineapple continuous cropping with bio-organic fertilizer(PPB),pineapple-sugarcane rotation(PS)and pineapple-sugarcane rotation with bio-organic fertilizer(PSB)treatments significantly improved the growth,yield,and fruit quality of pineapple.On plant growth,PPB,PS and PSB treatments had a significant enhancing effect on leaf length,leaf width and leaf number.On fruit appearance,the vertical diameter,horizontal diameter,number of fruit eyes,flesh thickness and the ratio of flesh thickness to heart diameter of PPB,PS and PSB treated pineapple were significantly increased,while the height of the top bud and the diameter of the fruit heart were significantly decrease.On fruit quality,the content of soluble solids,vitamin C and soluble sugars of PPB,PS and PSB treated pineapple were significantly increased,while the content of titratable acid was significantly decreased.On yield,the average single fruit weight of PPB,PS and PSB treated pineapple was significantly increased by 32.61%,51.09%and 71.74%,respectively,compared with PP treatment,and the total yield was significantly increased by 14.74%,34.58%and 48.28%,respectively.In addition,the yield,fruit traits,and quality indicators of PSB treatment were significantly higher than those of PPB treatment,and better than those of PS treatment.It is suggested that in the local pineapple production,bio-organic fertilizer can be properly applied on the basis of pineapple-sugarcane rotation.