寄主伤口对桔小实蝇产卵行为的影响

Effects of host wound on the oviposition behaviors of Bactrocera dorsalis

桔小实蝇是一种寄主广泛、危害严重的果蔬害虫,寄主表面的伤口对其产卵行为有较大影响。为明确寄主伤口对桔小实蝇产卵选择性的影响,本研究以香蕉为寄主,在果实表面制造形状、大小(边长6 mm方形孔、4 mm方形孔、2 mm方形孔、1 mm×5 mm长条形孔、1.5 mm针刺孔人工伤口)和新鲜度不同的伤口,设置选择性(同时存在不同形状和大小的伤口,且伤口新鲜度不同)和非选择性(同时存在不同形状和大小的伤口,但伤口新鲜度相同)试验,观察桔小实蝇雌成虫的产卵行为。结果表明,在选择条件下,6 mm方形孔人工伤口上的着卵量最高,平均为55.00粒/伤口,自然产卵孔的平均着卵量仅为6.39粒;非选择条件下,6 mm方形孔人工伤口的产卵量为56.00粒/伤口,自然产卵孔中的平均着卵量仅为3.92粒。桔小实蝇对不同伤口新鲜度的选择偏好顺序为产生2 d的伤口>0 d的伤口>产生1 d的伤口,产生2 d的伤口平均访问次数为3.20次,访问时长为50.04 min,尝试产卵次数为4.40次,真实产卵次数为3.80次。本研究表明寄主果实表面的伤口有利于桔小实蝇产卵,伤口面积越大及产生的时间越长,产卵量越高。在生产中为减少桔小实蝇对果实的为害,应采取相应保护果实的措施,尽量避免果实表面形成伤口。

The Oriental fruit fly is a highly damaging,polyphagous,and invasive pest of fruits and vegetables.The wounds on the host surface have a significant impact on its oviposition behavior.To clarify the effect of host wound on the oviposition selectivity of Bactrocera dorsalis,banana fruits was used as host.Wounds with different shapes,sizes and freshness were made on the fruits surface.Selectivity(6 mm square hole,4 mm square hole,2 mm square hole,1 mm×5 mm hole,1.5 mm pinhole artificial wound)and non-selectivity oviposition experiments were set up to observe its oviposition behavior.The results showed that under the selectivity experiment(with different wound freshness),the number of eggs laid on the wound of 6 mm square hole was the highest,with an average of 55.00 eggs/wound,while the average number of eggs laid on the natural spawning hole was only 6.39.The number of eggs laid under non-selectivity experiment(with the same wound freshness)was 56.00 eggs/wound on 6 mm square hole,and the average number of eggs laid on natural spawning hole was only 3.92 eggs/wound.The selective preference of B.dorsalis to different freshness wounds was 2 days>0 day>1 day.The average time of visiting 2 days wound was 3.20,with visit time of 50.04 minutes.The numbers of trying to lay eggs and ovipositing were 3.80 and 4.40 times,respectively.This study showed that the wound on the surface of the banana was favorable to the oviposition of B.dorsalis.The number of eggs laid increased with the increase of wound area and production time.In order to reduce the harm of B.dorsalis to the fruit in production,the measures should be taken to protect the fruit and avoid the formation of wounds on the surface of fruit.