美国白蛾成虫对三种幼树共有和特有活性挥发物的嗅觉反应

Olfactory responses of fall webworm,Hyphantria cunea(Lepidoptera:Erebidae)to common and specific active volatiles in three tree species

【目的】明确2种寄主植物和1种非寄主植物共有和特有活性挥发物对美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea成虫嗅觉行为的作用,为开发防控美国白蛾植物源引诱剂和驱避剂提供线索。【方法】通过动态顶空法收集3种幼树植物挥发物,使用气相色谱-触角电位联用仪(GC-EAD)筛选和气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)鉴定活性挥发物组分,利用Y型嗅觉仪测定美国白蛾成虫对不同浓度标准化合物的嗅觉反应。【结果】3种幼树共有活性挥发物为α-蒎烯、1,3-二乙基苯、1,4-二乙基苯、对异丙基甲苯、3′-乙基苯乙酮和4′-乙基苯乙酮,水曲柳和长白落叶松特有活性挥发物为β-水芹烯和3-蒈烯。其中0.1、1和100μg/μLβ-水芹烯和0.1μg/μL 4′-乙基苯乙酮对未交尾雌蛾具有显著引诱作用,而0.01和100μg/μLα-蒎烯及0.1μg/μL对异丙基甲苯具有显著驱避作用;0.1、1和10μg/μLβ-水芹烯,1和100μg/μL 3’-乙基苯乙酮及1,3-二乙基苯、10μg/μL 1,4-二乙基苯对未交尾雄蛾具有显著引诱作用,而100μg/μLα-蒎烯和0.01μg/μL 1,4-二乙基苯具有显著驱避作用;0.01、0.1、1和10μg/μL 3-蒈烯,1和100μg/μLα-蒎烯,0.01μg/μL 3′-乙基苯乙酮,0.01μg/μL 1,3-二乙基苯和100μg/μL 1,4-二乙基苯对已交尾雌蛾具有显著引诱作用,而10μg/μL 3′-乙基苯乙酮,0.01和100μg/μL 4′-乙基苯乙酮及100μg/μL 1,3-二乙基苯具有显著驱避作用。【结论】3种幼树共有活性挥发物中,未交尾雌蛾对α-蒎烯表现为负趋性;未交尾雄蛾对较高浓度的1,4-二乙基苯表现为正趋性,而对低浓度表现为负趋性;已交尾雌蛾对3′-乙基苯乙酮和1,3-二乙基苯表现为高浓度负趋性、低浓度正趋性,而对4′-乙基苯乙酮表现为负趋性。长白落叶松和水曲柳特有活性挥发物中,已交尾雌蛾对3-蒈烯和未交尾雌、雄蛾对β-水芹烯均表现为正趋性。

[Aim]The fall webworm,Hyphantria cunea(Lepidoptera:Erebidae),is a significant pest affecting agriculture and forestry.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of common and specific active volatiles from two host plants,Fraxinus mandshurica and Ulmus pumila,and one non-host plant,Larix olgensis,on the olfactory behavior of adult fall webworm moths.Our findings will assist the development of plant-derived attractants and repellents for the prevention and control of the fall webworm.[Methods]The dynamic headspace adsorption method was used to collect plant volatiles.The active volatiles were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and gas chromatography coupled with electroantennogram detection(GC-EAD).A Y-tube olfactometer was used to measure the olfactory responses of adult fall webworm moths to different doses of standard compounds.[Results]Eight GC-EAD-active volatiles were identified.The specific active volatiles in F.mandshurica and L.olgensis wereβ-Phellandrene and 3-Carene,while the common active volatiles in the three tree species wereα-Pinene,1,3-Diethylbenzene,1,4-Diethylbenzene,p-Cymene,3'-Ethylacetophenone,and 4'-Ethylacetophenone.Of these,0.1,1,100µg/µLβ-Phellandrene,and 0.1µg/µL 4'-Ethylacetophenone had significant luring effects on unmated female fall webworm moths.Conversely,0.01 and 100µg/µLα-Pinene and 0.1µg/µL p-Cymene had a significant repellent effect.There was a significant luring effect of 0.1,1,10µg/µLβ-Phellandrene,1,100µg/µL 3'-Ethylacetophenone and 1,3-Diethylbenzene,and 10µg/µL 1,4-Diethylbenzene on unmated males,while 100µg/µLα-Pinene and 0.01µg/µL 1,4-Diethylbenzene had a significant repellent effect.A significant luring effect was observed on mated females exposed to 0.01,0.1,1,10µg/µL 3-Carene,1,100µg/µLα-Pinene,0.01µg/µL 3'-Ethylacetophenone,0.01µg/µL 1,3-Diethylbenzene and 100µg/µL 1,4-Diethylbenzene.Whereas,10µg/µL 3'-Ethylacetophenone,0.01,100µg/µL 4'-Ethylacetophenone,and 100µg/µL 1,3-Diethylbenzene had a significant repellent effect.[Conclusion]Among the common active volatiles of the three tree species,unmated female moths showed a negative taxis response toα-Pinene.Unmated male moths displayed a positive taxis response to high concentrations of 1,4-Diethylbenzene but a negative taxis response to lower concentrations.Mated females showed a negative taxis response to 3'-Ethylacetophenone and 1,3-Diethylbenzene at high concentrations,and a positive taxis response to 4'-Ethylacetophenone at low concentrations.Within the specific active volatiles of L.olgensis and F.mandshurica,mated females exhibited a positive taxis response to 3-Carene,while unmated females and males showed a positive taxis response toβ-Phellandrene.