温度对瓜绢螟生长发育和繁殖的影响

Effect of temperature on the development and fecundity of Dianphania india(Saunders)

【目的】明确不同温度对瓜绢螟Dianphania india(Saunders)生长发育及繁殖的影响,了解其发育起点温度和有效积温,为瓜绢螟的测报及综合治理提供科学依据。【方法】在室内恒温条件下,研究瓜绢螟在不同温度(21、24、27、30和33°C)下的发育历期、发育起点温度、有效积温和生命表参数。【结果】研究表明,温度对瓜绢螟不同发育阶段有显著影响;其中,卵历期(4.52 d)、幼虫历期(25.32 d)、蛹历期(13.98 d)、雌虫寿命(56.44 d)、雄虫寿命(52.79 d)及世代历期(46.15 d)均在21°C条件下为最大值,且随着温度升高有逐渐降低的趋势,在33°C均达到最小值;卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫发育起点温度分别为13.54、9.90、14.28和15.00°C,有效积温分别为38.00、287.00、77.72和277.60日·度;33°C下的内禀增长率rm和周限增长速率λ最高,分别为0.17921和1.19627,但雌虫产卵量在此温度下开始下降;在30°C下净增值率R0最大(84.212),而总生殖率GRR在27°C条件下最大(94.486);21-33°C的平均世代历期T分别为43.027、36.219、28.097、27.618和20.532 d。【结论】在21-33°C之间,瓜绢螟各虫态发育历期和平均世代历期随温度的升高而缩短,27°C最适宜其繁殖,33°C以上高温不利于瓜绢螟的繁殖。

[Aim]To determine the effects of different temperatures on the growth,development and fecundity of Dianphania india(Saunders),and to determine the developmental threshold and effective accumulated temperatures.The findings of this study will provide a scientific basis for the measurement and comprehensive management of D.india.[Methods]Development threshold temperature,effective accumulated temperature,and life table parameters of D.india were analyzed in the laboratory under controlled temperatures of 21,24,27,30,and 33ºC.[Results]There was a significant effect of temperature on the different developmental stages of D.india.Egg duration(4.52 d),larval duration(25.32 d),pupae duration(13.98 d),female lifespan(56.44 d),male lifespan(52.79 d),and generation duration(46.15 d)peaked at 21ºC.However,subsequent further increases in temperature resulted in an opposite trend,with all values gradually decreasing and reaching a minimum at 33ºC.The developmental threshold temperature for egg,larva,pupa,adult,and whole generation were 13.54,9.90,14.28,and 15.00ºC,respectively,and the effective accumulated temperatures were 38.00,287.00,77.72,and 277.60 degree·days,respectively.The intrinsic rate of increase(rm)(0.17921)and the finite rate of increase(λ)(1.19627)peaked at 33ºC.However,female egg production began to decline at 33ºC.The net reproductive R0(84.212)rate was the highest at 30ºC,while the gross reproductive rate GRR(94.486)was the highest at 27ºC.The average generation time T at 21,24,27,30,and 33ºC was 43.027,36.219,28.097,27.618 and 20.532 days,respectively.[Conclusion]Between 21ºC and 33ºC,the developmental duration of each state and the average generation time of D.india decreased with increasing temperature.The optimal temperature for reproduction was 27ºC,whereas temperatures above 33ºC were not conducive to D.india reproduction.