终身护理年金产品设计与定价研究

Lifetime Care Annuity Product Design and Pricing Study

我国现有商业长期护理保险仍处于探索阶段,存在产品价格高、保障功能薄弱等问题,无法真正满足老年群体在风险转移方面的需求。国外的实践经验表明:终身护理年金是一种综合了年金保险和长期护理保险的连结保险产品,充分聚合两者的优势和特点,能够有效扩大保险范围并降低保费费率,从而减轻老年群体面临的潜在老龄和失能风险。基于此,在借鉴国外保险产品创新经验的基础上,设计了一种符合我国国情的终身护理年金产品,并利用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据库数据进行定价和趸交保费的测算。研究结果显示:单独购买终身护理年金的成本低于同时购买相同保险责任的年金保险和长期护理保险产品的组合,验证了终身护理年金能够有效扩大保险范围和降低保费;女性购买终身护理年金的成本高于男性。因此,应加快行业数据库建设,量身制定合宜的商业长期护理保险产品;落实保险公司风险分担补偿,促进商业长期护理保险市场健康发展。

The existing commercial long-term care insurance in China is stil in its exploratory stage,with problems such as high product price and weak protection function,which can't really meet the needs of the elderly group in risk transfer.Practical experience in foreign countries shows that lifetime care annuity is a kind of linked insurance product that combines annuity insurance and long-term care insurance,fully integrating the advantages and features of the two,and is able to effectively expand the scope of insurance and reduce the premium rate,thus alleviating the potential risks of old age and disability faced by the elderly.Based on the experience of foreign insurance product innovation,we designed a lifetime care annuity product that meets China's national conditions,and utilized the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)database to price and calculate single premiums.The results of the study show that the cost of purchasing a lifetime care annuity alone is lower than the cost of purchasing a combination of annuity insurance and long-term care insurance products with the same insurance liability,which verifies that lifetime care annuities are effective in expanding the scope of coverage and lowering premiums;The cost of purchasing a lifetime care annuity for women is higher than that for men.Therefore,the construction of an industry database should be accelerated,suitable commercial long-term care insurance products should be customized,and risk-sharing compensation for insurance companies should be implemented to promote the healthy development of the commercial long-term care insurancemarket.