宋代的“天下之中”观念

The Concept of Center Ground in the Song Dynasty

“天下之中”具有政治、地理、文化等多方面的特性,始于西周时期。宋代时存在一些别样的“地中”观念:北宋“开封地中”观,由五代以来的“岳台地中”观念结合开封居“中区”的正统观念构成,本质是以当时新的“四方辐辏”为“地中”;两宋之际,宗泽以“开封地中”论证“还都开封”的合理性,李纲以襄邓一带为“四方辐辏”提出“襄邓地中”;南宋时期,朱熹等人的天文思想中则反映出“岳台地中”观。同时,一些士人质疑以往“地中”的精神特性,转而强调“地中”的地理特性,意图将临安建构为新的“四方辐辏”。宋代诸“地中”观念突出“四方辐辏”的地理特性,凸显了宋人思维深处的学说取向、价值选择与政治考量。

the concept of Center Ground(天下之中)had political characteristic,geographical character-istic and economic characteristic.Since the Western Zhou period,the concept of Luoyi(洛邑)located in the center of the world was well-known.In the Song Dynasty,several kinds of the Center Ground concept ap-peared.Yuetai(台)located in the center of the world during the Five Dynasties was combined with Kai-feng(开封)located in the middle ground.Afterwards,Kaifeng was regarded as the center of the world.People gathered in Kaifeng from different regions during the Song Dynasty.Zong Ze(宗泽)thought that the capital should return to Kaifeng because of this concept.But Li Gang(李纲)proposed that Xiangyang(襄阳)and Dengzhou(邓州)were the centers of the world.In the Southern Song Dynasty,Zhu Xi(朱熹)agreed that Yuetai located in the center of the world.Meanwhile,scholars tried to recognize the geographical charac-teristic of the Center but doubted its cultural characteristic.And they intended to construct new image for Lin'an((临安)with the concept of people gathered.In conclusion,the concept of Center Ground in the Song Dynasty concentrated on the geographical characteristic that revealed the ideology,value and political con-ceptionof the Song people.