基于曲牌要素的昆曲数据分析和规律发掘

Data Mining and Rules Discovery of Kunqu Opera Based on Qupai Elements

[目的/意义]昆曲是中国重要的文化瑰宝,而曲牌是昆曲唱词的载体,集文、乐、史于一身,是重要的文化资源要素,研究借助多样的数字化工具和情报学方法来研究昆曲古籍的情报规律,以揭示中华文化基因的规律。[方法/过程]基于数字人文理论和实践,利用数字化技术将昆曲剧本《临川四梦》数据化,挖掘曲牌的分布规律,探寻昆曲曲牌的客观特征。首先进行数据收集工作,寻找适合分析的资源来源,然后验证布拉德福定律进行具体曲牌样本选择,最后将结构化资源进行可视化分析,实现对昆曲知识单元的探索性研究。[结果/结论]昆曲曲牌遵循布拉德福定律,选取核心区的41个曲牌,按照可视化词式结果分成基本一致、求同存异、主次结合和百花齐放4类,发现同一作者在曲牌词式使用的差异性,为昆曲文化保护与传承发展提供新思路。

[Purpose/Significance]Kunqu is an outstanding cultural treasure of China.As an essential carrier of Kunqu,Qupai,which integrates literature,music and history,is also an important resource element.This paper uses various digital tools and informatics methods to study the elements of Kunqu in order to reveal the inheritance of Chinese cultural genes.[Method/Process]Based on the theory and practice of digital humanities,it digitized the Kunqu opera scripts,Lin Chuan Four Dreams,excavated the distribution rules of the Qupai,and explored the objective characteristics.Firstly,it took data collection to find suitable resource sources for analysis,then verified Bradford’s Law for specific Qupai samples selection,and finally visualized structured resources to realize an exploratory study of the knowledge units of Kunqu.[Result/Conclusion]Qupai of Kunqu opera follows Bradford’s Law.It selects 41 Qupai in the core area and classifies them into four categories according to the visualized Word Form,namely,basic consistency,seeking common ground while reserving differences,combining primary and secondary,and blossoming of a hundred flowers.It discovers the variability of the use of Qupai Word Form by the same authors,and provides a new way of thinking for the protection and inheritance and development of the Kunqu opera.