乡村数字经济发展水平测度及其对农业生产率增长的影响

Measurement of rural digital economy development level and its impact on agricultural productivity growth

为了解乡村数字经济发展概况并探讨乡村数字经济对农业全要素生产率(TFP)增长的影响。依据乡村数字经济的概念,从乡村数字基础设施和乡村产业数字化2个维度构建乡村数字经济发展水平综合评价指标体系,使用熵值法对2011—2020年中国省级层面乡村数字经济发展水平的时空演变和地区差异进行了探析,系统分析乡村数字经济对农业TFP增长的影响。结果表明:1)乡村数字经济发展水平逐年递增,但地区之间存在着明显差异且发展趋于失衡;2)乡村数字经济能够显著促进农业TFP增长;3)农业TFP增长分解指标发现,乡村数字经济对农业技术效率有明显的提升作用,其对农业TFP增长的影响主要通过改善农业技术效率来实现;4)影响机制分析发现,乡村数字经济能够通过推动生产性服务业发展和提升工业化水平促进农业TFP增长;5)异质性分析发现,乡村数字经济发展水平和农业TFP增长越高的地区,乡村数字经济促进农业TFP增长的效应越明显,进而导致了地区间农业TFP增长差异。本研究可为乡村数字经济指标体系的构建、其经济影响的评估和乡村数字经济高质量发展政策设计提供依据。

In order to understand the development of rural digital economy and explore the impact of rural digital economy on the growth of agricultural total factor productivity(TFP).Based on the concept of rural digital economy,this study constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system for the development level of rural digital economy from two dimensions:rural digital infrastructure and rural industrial digitization,entropy method is used to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution and regional differences of the development level of rural digital economy at the provincial level in China from 2011 to 2020,and the impact of rural digital economy on the growth of agricultural TFP is systematically analyzed.The results show that:1)The development level of rural digital economy is increasing year by year,but there are obvious differences between regions and the development tends to be unbalanced;2)The growth of agricultural TFP can be significantly promoted by rural digital economy;3)The decomposition index of agricultural TFP growth found that the rural digital economy has a significant effect on the efficiency of agricultural technology,and its impact on the growth of agricultural TFP is mainly achieved by improving the efficiency of agricultural technology;4)The result of impact mechanism analysis displays that the rural digital economy can promote the growth of agricultural TFP by promoting the development of producer services and improving the level of industrialization;5)Heterogeneity analysis discovers that the higher the level of rural digital economy development and the higher the growth of agricultural TFP,the more obvious the effect of rural digital economy on the growth of agricultural TFP,which led to the gap of agricultural TFP growth between regions.This research can provide scientific basis for the construction of rural digital economy index system,the evaluation of economic impact and the design of high-quality development policy of rural digital economy.