星形胶质细胞在放射性脑损伤中的研究进展

Pathology and therapeutic potential of astrocytes in radiation-induced brain injury

放射性脑损伤是正常脑组织接受电离辐射后出现的严重颅脑损伤,表现为认知功能障碍、学习和记忆能力下降,严重者可导致痴呆。目前,现有药物对于放射性脑损伤的治疗效果有限,且预后较差。电离辐射诱导星形胶质细胞发生病理性激活,进而通过诱导神经炎症和破坏血脑屏障促进了放射性脑损伤的进程。该文主要综述了星形胶质细胞的生理病理功能及其在放射性脑损伤中的病理变化和细胞机制。同时,对靶向星形胶质细胞的治疗潜力进行展望,为扩展放射性脑损伤的治疗手段,探索新的治疗靶点和方法提供参考。

Radiation-induced brain injury is a severe brain injury caused by ionizing radiation to normal brain tissue.It is manifested as cognitive dysfunction,decreased learning and memory ability and can even lead to dementia.The treatment of existing drugs for radiation-induced brain injury are far from effective with poor prognosis.Ionizing radiation induces pathological activation of astrocytes,which aggravates the process of radiation-induced brain injury by inducing neuroinflammation and destroying the blood-brain barrier.Here we review the physiological and pathological functions of astrocytes,then analyze the pathological changes and cellular mechanisms of astrocytes involved in radiation-induced brain injury.Furthermore,the therapeutic potential of astrocytes in radiation-induced brain injury is discussed,which is expected to provide reference for finding more approaches to radiation-induced brain injury and exploring new therapeutic targets and methods.