人工智能在商事仲裁中的应用:价值、困境与路径

The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Arbitration:Value,Dilemma,and Solution Paths

人工智能(AI)通过嵌入商事仲裁的立案审查、程序运行和裁决预测等环节,有助于提升仲裁机构和仲裁员决策的高效性、客观性与公正性。然而,AI本身在商事仲裁中的应用还面临诸多困境:大数据建设的滞后性导致人工智能推进乏力、技术缺陷克减当事人正当程序权利、技术局限消解个案正义以及技术依赖损害仲裁员与当事人的主体性等。这些问题的存在使得AI的技术功能无法转化为商事仲裁的制度效能,因此,需要合理规划人工智能在商事仲裁中的发展路径,以避免其技术外部负面性并释放工具价值。具体而言,应当从仲裁大数据基础构建、当事人个体赋权、坚持AI的辅助定位以及算法规制四方面为AI在商事仲裁中的应用设定安全的发展路径,实现AI和商事仲裁的深度耦合与相得益彰。

The program of artificial intelligence(Al)and the procedure of commercial arbitration have algorithmic interoperability,and many arbitration procedures themselves can be completed or mainly carried out in a digital way.Through the proper embedding of the filing review,program operation,and award prediction of commercial arbitration,AI helps to improve the efficiency,objectivity,and fairness of the decision-making of arbitration institutions and arbitrators.However,the application of AI in commercial arbitration also means the invasion of science and technology into arbitration,which will cause various tensions and unfitness in lots of cases.Commercial arbitration takes confidentiality as the principle,which limits the release of big data in commercial arbitration.The lag of big data construction will cause the poor function of AI in commercial arbitration.Algorithm bias and algorithm black box eliminate or weaken the fairness,openness,and equality of arbitration procedures,and the procedural rights of the parties will be damaged.Al lacks human touch,emotion,and creative ability,which will reduce the accuracy of case analysis.The participation of Al in arbitration procedures changes the decisionmaking mode centered around arbitrators,and the mechanization of arbitration procedures.In addition,the technological dependence of Al will lead to the erosion of the subjectivity of arbitrators and parties.These problems make it impossible to transform the technical functions of Al into the institutional efficiency of commercial arbitration.Therefore,it is necessary to plan a reasonable development path of AI in commercial arbitration to avoid its negative externality and release its positive function as a tool.First of all,we should build an arbitration big data platform to collect,store,and share arbitration big data,laying a solid big data foundation for the application and development of Al.Secondly,the due process rights of the parties ought to be protected by granting them the right not to be subject to automated decision-making.So are the right of algorithm interpretation and other rights.Thirdly,we should firmly insist on the aiding role of AI and form a man-machine cooperation mode dominated by arbitrators and assisted by Al in commercial arbitration procedures.Finally,we should avoid and control the risks and challenges brought by AI technology through algorithmic regulations,and guide the development of AI to the right direction.