农村集体经营性建设用地入市收益分配为何出现困境?--基于湖南省S市的案例分析

The Dilemma of Income Distribution in the Marketization of Rural Collective Land Designated for Business-related Construction—A Case Study Based on S City,Hunan Province

入市收益分配机制不健全、分配比例不合理是当前我国农村集体经营性建设用地入市改革试点面临的突出问题。案例研究发现,村集体收益提留难和村民间分配矛盾多是分配困境的主要表现。借助“土地产权格局-精英治理能力”双重逻辑分析框架,可以证明集体土地产权格局是制定村入市收益分配规则的结构性条件,乡村精英在入市收益分配过程中的治理能力则是影响收益分配规则的能动性因素,而二者的互动决定了最终的收益分配格局。当入市村属于个体性土地产权格局且乡村精英治理能力较弱时,集体经济组织在分配入市收益时便容易陷入集体行动困境。未来深化农村集体经营性建设用地入市改革应重视乡村精英的作用,并加强政府对村收益分配工作的指导与监管。

The imperfect income distribution mechanism and unreasonable distribution proportion within the village are the outstanding problems facing the pilot of the marketization of rural collective land designated for business-related construction in our country at present.The case study shows that the difficulty of withholding the collective income of the village and the distribution contradiction among the villagers are the main manifestations of the distribution dilemma.With the help of the dual logical analysis framework of"land property right pattern-elite governance capacity",this paper proves that the collective land property right pattern is the structural condition for formulating the income distribution rules of entering the market within the village,the governancecapacity of the village elite in the process of income distribution is the active factor that affects the income distribution rules,and the interaction between the two determines the final income distribution pattern.When the villages entering the market belong to the pattern of individual land property rights and the governance capacity of the village elites is weak,the collective economic organizations are easy to fall into the dilemma of collective action when distributing the income from entering the market.In order to deepen the reform of marketization of rural collective land designated for business-related construction in the future,we should pay attention to the role of rural elites and strengthen the government's guidance and supervision of income distribution within the village.