基于柔性冲击提速减振装置的研制与分析

Development and Analysis of Device Based Flexible Impact for Improving Rate of Penetration

针对石油钻探过程中因粘滞-滑动现象所导致的机械钻速低、钻头振动严重等技术难题,设计了一种行星轮+扭簧结构的井下提速减振装置。利用钻进遇阻时输入轴及上部钻柱系统的惯性力矩,给予钻头柔性大扭矩冲击,确保在遭遇硬质点钻进连续性的同时,抵消钻头遇阻波动引起的钻柱振动。通过对遇阻瞬间行星轮的动力学分析,得出装置取不同结构参数对其输出扭矩的影响。运用ABAQUS动力学仿真模块对装置使用有效性进行验证,仿真结果表明装置的使用可以有效缓解钻头的扭转及轴向振动,增加钻头的实际工作时间。样机现场实验结果表明,装置工作原理可行,提速效果明显,使用装置时钻进速度提升近1.5倍,且井口返回岩屑呈现均匀的较大多棱角状颗粒,钻头切削过程处于稳定深层切削的良好工况。

In view of the technical problems such as low mechanical drilling speed and serious drill bit vibration caused by stick-slip phenomenon during oil drilling,a downhole speed acceleration device with a planetary gear and a torsion spring structure is designed.Utilizing the moment of inertia of the input shaft and the upper drilling column system when encountering obstruction,a flexible high-torque impact is given to the drill bit to ensure drlling continuity in encountering hard points while offseting the torsional vibration caused by the fluctuation of the bit encountering obstruction.By analyzing the dynamics of the planetary gear at the moment of encounter,the influence of different structural parameters on the output torque is obtained.ABAQUS dynamics simulation module is used to verify the effectiveness of the device,and the simulation results shows that the use of the device can effectively mitigate drill vibration.The experimental results of the prototype show that the working principle of the device is feasible and the speed increase is obvious.The drilling speed is increased by 1.5 times when the device is used,and the rock chips returned from the wellhead show uniform and larger particles with polygonal shape,and the cutting process of the drill bit is in a good condition of stable deep cutting.