王朝疆域诠解视角下的“清水议界”

"Qingshui Negotiation of Boundary" from the Perspective of Interpretation of Dynasty Territory

清水议界,是建中四年(783)唐蕃之间划分“势力范围”的一次重要活动,唐廷为争取外部稳定环境优先解决内忧而主动提出,吐蕃在窘于军事开拓的困境下积极响应。文章认为,基于双方军事实力的脆弱平衡,会盟后唐蕃之间的和平未能得到长久维持,但根据山川险隘、气候物俗所勘定的边界,不仅为此后长庆会盟顺利达成奠定基础,更是在疆界形态上呈现出“点、线、带、面”多样化结合的特征。如此多样化疆界形态的出现,尤其是部分清晰化疆界的出现,并非是其具备近代主权国家边界的雏形,而是基于唐蕃攻守易势下的持久对峙,以及安史之乱后唐王朝在面临理想疆域与现实困境博弈下的理性实践。

The Qingshui Negotiation is an important activity in the division of "sphere of influence" between Tang and Tubo in the fourth year of Jianzhong(783).The Tang government took the initiative to strive for a stable external environment and give priority to solving internal problems,and Tubo responded actively to the dilemma of military exploration.Due to the fragile balance of military strength between the two sides,the peace between Tang and Tubo could not be maintained for a long time after the alliance,but the boundary demarcated according to the mountain passes,climate,things and customs not only laid the foundation for the successful achievement of the Chang Qing Alliance,but also showed the characteristics of diversified combination of "points,lines,zones and planes" in the boundary form.The emergence of such diverse boundary forms,especially the emergence of partially clear boundaries,is not the prototype of modern sovereign state borders,but based on the long-term confrontation under the change of offensive and defensive positions between Tang and Tubo,and the rational practice of the Tang Dynasty in the face of the ideal territory and the realistic dilemma after the An-Shi's Rebellion.