商品抽象、现实抽象与思维抽象--《资本论》“商品与货币篇”的三重抽象探析

Commodity Abstraction,Real Abstraction and Thinking Abstraction--The Triple Abstract Analysis Of The Article“Commodity And Currency”In Das Capital

有关《资本论》“商品与货币篇”中涉及的商品抽象、现实抽象和思维抽象的研究颇为不足,而这三重抽象对于《资本论》的理解以及批判地把握资本主义极为重要。商品抽象涉及商品形式抽象、价值抽象和交换抽象。现实抽象的典型代表是商品抽象,是人们在无意识下产生的行为抽象。思维抽象与现实抽象恰好相反,源于人们的思维、意识,其典型代表包括数学知识、自然科学概念。现实抽象可以向思维抽象过渡并影响思维抽象,其关键在于:1.两者都具有形式性特征;2.货币所导致的社会-综合为现实抽象过渡到思维抽象铺就了道路;3.借助于“第二自然”这一中介,现实抽象得以过渡到思维抽象。三重抽象及其相互联系所构成的抽象网络,乃是资本主义社会中人们受抽象统治的关键。唯有变革资本主义社会,才能从这种抽象网络中解放出来。

The research on commodity abstraction,real abstraction and thinking abstraction in"commodity and currency"of Das Capital is quite insufficient,and these three abstractions are very important for the understanding of Das Capital and the critical grasp of capitalism.Commodity abstraction involves commodity form abstraction,value abstraction and exchange abstraction.Real abstraction is the abstraction produced from people's behavior under people's unconsciousness,and its typical representative is commodity abstraction.Thinking abstraction is just opposite to real abstract.It comes from people's thinking and consciousness.Its typical representatives include mathematical knowledge and natural science concepts.The key to the transition from real abstraction to Thinking abstraction is:first,both of them have formal characteristics;second,the social synthesis caused by money paves the way for the transition from real abstraction to thinking abstraction;third,with the help of"the second nature",the real abstraction can be transformed into the thinking abstraction.The abstract network formed by triple abstractions and their interrelations is the key to the rule of abstractions in capitalist society.Only by reforming the capitalist society can we be liberated from this abstract network.