论合作制公证机构的法律性质

A Study on the Legal Nature of Cooperative Notaries

关于合作制公证机构的法律性质,《公证法》和公证改革文件缺乏明确回应,学理上对其认识也存在纷争和理论局限。专业性社会服务机构是捐助法人的一个子类型。合作制公证机构是否应定性为专业性社会服务机构,本质上乃是其能否定性为捐助法人的问题。决定合作人能否依出资份额取得分红的关键因素是合作制公证机构目的事业的营利性与非营利性;决定其出资份额能否被继承的关键因素是合作制公证机构法律服务的专业性与组织形式的人合性。合作制公证机构的构造条件与财团法人存在根本差异。合作制公证机构应当被认定为非法人组织中以特殊的普通合伙形式设立的专业服务机构。特殊的普通合伙在组织构造、财产基础和责任承担以及目的事业方面与合作制公证机构具有一致性。

Regarding the legal nature of the cooperative notary,there is a lack of clear response in the Notary Code and notarization reform documents,and there are also academic disputes and theoretical limitations.Social service institution is a sub-type of the donor legal person.Whether the cooperative notary should be regarded as the social service institution's essentially the question of whether it can be classified as a donor legal person.The key to deciding whether members of a cooperative notary could obtain the dividends based on the share of contribution is the profit-making or non-profit-making purpose of the entity;the key to deciding whether the members'share of contribution could be inherited is the professionalism of their services and the trust between them.There is a fundamental difference of the inside structure between a cooperative notary and donor legal person.The cooperative notary should be regarded as a professional service provider established as a special general partnership.The special general partnerships have consistency with the cooperative notary in terms of organizational structure,property foundation,responsibility assumption,and purpose of entity.