“靖康之难”的文学表达与文化记忆--以南宋汴京诗为中心

The Literary Expression and Cultural Memory of Southern Song Dynasty literati on the Jingkang Incident

扬·阿斯曼的“文化记忆”观点,将人类的文化记忆分为四十年、八十年两个边界值。南宋不同时期诗人对北宋故都汴京的文学书写演变轨迹也与此吻合。徽宗、南渡文人等“靖康之难”亲历者,以亲历或记忆中的汴京城为抒情对象,表达了对故都的深刻思念;而成长于南宋的诗人,则更多以想象的方式描绘故都,抒发恢复之志;南宋中后期,随着时间的延伸,复国理想破灭,对故都汴京的文化记忆消退,一些诗人笔下的汴京诗也逐渐走出了“靖康之难”的传统主题,呈现出更为丰富的思想内涵。

Jan Asman's"cultural memory"perspective divides human cultural memory into two boundary values:forty years and eighty years.In different periods of the Southern Song Dynasty,the literary writing and evolution of the ancient capital Bianjing by poets from different periods also coincided with this.Those who have personally experienced the"Jingkang Incident"such as Emperor Huizong and poets who fled to the south during the Northern Song Dynasty,regard the Bianjing city in their experiences or memories as a lyrical object.Poets who grew up in the Southern Song Dynasty depicted the ancient capital more in an imaginative way,expressing their aspirations for restoration.After the mid Southern Song Dynasty,with the extension of time and the disillusionment of the ideal of restoring the country,the cultural memory of the former capital Bianjing faded away.Some poets'poems about Bianjing have gradually emerged from the traditional theme of"the difficulty of Jingkang"and presented richer ideological connotations.