新自由主义视域下美国融合教育之实践反思

Reflections on the Practice of American Integrative Education from the Perspective of Neoliberalism

新自由主义将自由竞争的市场经济制度引入教育,认为这样可以提高教育资源的有效利用并提高教育质量。在新自由主义的影响下美国进行了教育改革,相应的改革举措在一定程度上促进了融合教育发展,但对特殊学生的不公平并没有随之消失,而是伴随其教育全程,影响深远。不公平体现在特殊学生依旧面临不均等的入学机会,并在重视标准与效率的教育过程中伴随着对特殊学生的隔离与排除,由此带来特殊学生辍学率居高不下,直接影响其未来的就业与生活。因此,我国在融合教育发展过程中应避免盲目追随西方的政策和实践,批判性地吸收其成功经验,并积极探索更优的理论和实现路径。

Neoliberalism introduced the market economy system of free competition into education,believing that this can improve the effective use of educational resources and improve the quality of education.Under the influence of neoliberalism,the United States has carried out educational reform,and the corresponding educational reform measures have promoted the development of integrated education to a certain extent,but the inequity to special students has not disappeared,but accompanied the whole education process with far-reaching influence.Unfairness is reflected in the fact that special students still face unequal ad mission opportunities,and the isolation and exclusion of special students are accompanied by the education process that attaches importance to standards and efficiency,resulting in a high dropout rate of special students,which directly affects their future employment and life.Therefore,our country should avoid blindly following the policies and practices of western integration education in the process of high-quality development,critically absorb its successful experience,and actively explore better theories and realization paths.