甲状腺癌体外模型进展

Recent advances in models of thyroid cancer in vitro

甲状腺癌是最常见的头颈部肿瘤之一,其发病率在世界范围呈快速增长和年轻化的趋势。甲状腺癌的发生发展和侵袭性与特定的基因突变相关,进行其治疗药物的研发依赖于临床前的实验研究,包括体外和体内实验;但由动物实验得到的结果可能无法外推至人类,因此建立可快速复制人类甲状腺癌且重复性较好的体外研究模型至关重要。目前甲状腺癌体外研究模型主要有传统的二维模型和三维模型,二维模型包括各类甲状腺癌的细胞系,三维模型包括球状体和类器官。球状体是多种细胞的聚合体,是甲状腺癌研究中最常用的三维模型。甲状腺癌的类器官能更好地保留体内的生物学复杂性,使实现个体化治疗和高通量药物筛选成为可能。为方便研究者选择合适的甲状腺癌体外研究模型,本文对甲状腺癌研究中的体外研究模型类型进行综述。

Thyroid cancer is a common head&neck tumor and has the trend of affecting younger patients,and its incidence is increasing globally.The occurrence,development,and invasiveness of thyroid cancer are related to specific genetic mutations.To develop therapeutic interventions,preclinical research is crucial,including in vitro and in vivo studies.However,animal experiments may not always be generalizable to humans.Therefore,it's essential to establish in vitro models that can replicate human thyroid cancer with good reproducibility.Two types of in vitro models are used in thyroid cancer research:traditional 2D models and 3D models.2D models involve cell lines of various types of thyroid cancer,while 3D models include spheroids and organoids.Spheroids,cellular aggregates,are one of the most commonly used 3D culture models in thyroid cancer research.Organoid models of thyroid cancer can better preserve the biological complexity of the body,making it possible to achieve personalized treatment and high-throughput drug screening.In order to facilitate the selection of suitable in vitro models for thyroid cancer researchers,this review highlights the types and mutation characteristics of in vitro models in thyroid cancer research.