地方高校“拔尖”人才培养实践探索与体系建构

Exploration and System Construction in Cultivating“Top-notch”Talents in Chinese Local Universities

近年来,中国高校奋力推进“六卓越一拔尖”计划,形成极具特色的实践经验,亟需进行成果总结与理论升华。地方高校数量多、学生规模大,开展“拔尖”人才培养实践与研究更具重大意义。本研究通过问卷调查及文献分析发现:中国高校已形成“以书院制为依托,小班化教学为重点,不同学段一体化贯通培养为核心,外部机构协同培养为补充”的“拔尖”人才培养典型经验。在问卷调查和经验总结基础上,建构以“书院制、学分制、导师制,小班化、现代化、国际化”为代表的“三制三化”拔尖人才培养模型。模型以“天资发展范式”和“区分教学范式”为理论基础,以扎实专业能力、高阶思维能力、过硬原始创新能力为培养目标,以国内外“拔尖”人才培养典型经验为参考进行设计。模型前瞻性预判中国式现代化对“拔尖”人才的需求,具有普遍借鉴与推广价值。

In recent years,Chinese universities have been vigorously promoting the“Six Excellences and One Top notch”plan,and yielded distinctive practical experience.It is urgent to summarize the results and elevate the theory.The large number of local universities and the large scale of students make it of greater significance to carry out top-notch talent cultivation practices and research.Through questionnaire surveys and literature review,it was found that Chinese universities have formed a typical experience of“top-notch”talent cultivation,with“academy system as the basis,small class teaching as the focus,integrated education across different stages as the core,and external institutions as supplements”.With the results of the questionnaire survey and experiences,a“three systems and three beings”model for“top-notch”talent cultivation has been constructed,represented by“academy system,credit system,mentor system,being small class,being modernized,and being internationalized”.This model is designed on the basis of the“talent development paradigm”and the“differentiated teaching paradigm”,aiming at cultivating solid professional skills,advanced thinking abilities,and strong original innovation capabilities,with reference to domestic and international experience.The model foresees the demand for“top-notch”talents of Chinese path to modernization,and holds value for universal reference and promotion.