新型农业经营主体能够带动小农户生产绿色转型吗?——基于454份小农户调查数据的分析

Impact of new-type agricultural operating entities on green transformation of smallholders'production

新型农业经营主体是带动小农户与现代农业有机衔接的重要力量,但新型农业经营主体在小农户生产绿色转型方面的带动作用尚未可知。基于454份小农户调查数据,文中利用倾向得分匹配模型和中介效应模型探究新型农业经营主体对小农户生产绿色转型的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:1)三类新型农业经营主体中,合作社对小农户生产绿色转型的促进作用最为显著,其次是农业企业,而家庭农场的促进作用不显著;相比仅合作单一新型农业经营主体,小农户与多种新型农业经营主体协同合作对其生产绿色转型的促进作用更为显著。2)新型农业经营主体对小农户生产绿色转型的影响存在群组差异,土地规模较小、以农业收入为主的小农户,新型农业经营主体对其生产绿色转型的促进效果更显著。3)合作社与农业企业在提升小农户生产绿色转型水平的过程中扮演了示范者和服务者的双重角色。据此提出,要分类施策,增强新型农业经营主体联农带农能力,优化小农户扶持政策,激励新型经营主体示范展示,畅通农业社会化服务渠道。

The new-type agricultural operating entities play an important role in promoting connections between smallholder's production and modern agricultural development,but the role of the new agricultural operating entities in driving the green transformation of smallholders'production is still not clear.This paper tests the effects of new agricultural operators on the green transformation of smallholders'production by the PSM model,and explore the effect mechanism by the mediating effects model.The research found that:1)Cooperatives significantly promote the green transformation of smallholders'production,followed by agricultural enterprises.The promoting effect of family farms is not significant.Compared to cooperating with single type of new agricultural operating entities,the synergistic cooperation between smallholders and multiple new agricultural operating entities significantly positively promote the green transformation of smallholders'production.2)There are group differences in the impact of new-type agricultural operating entities on the green transition of smallholders'production.For the smallholders with smaller land scales and more dependence on agricultural income,the new-type agricultural operating entities'promoting effects are more significant.3)Smallholders improve their level of green production by two ways:learning agricultural technology and receiving socialized agricultural services from new-type agricultural operating entities.Based on these findings,it is proposed to implement classified policies to enhance the ability of the new-type agricultural operating entities to drive smallholders,optimize supporting policies for smallholders,encourage the new-type agricultural operating entities to demonstrate to others,and open the channels for agricultural socialized services.