生育控制:从公法管控迈向私法治理

Birth Control:From Regulation with Public Laws to Governance with Private Laws

国家应如何控制生育这一私密性活动,以实现保护“未来的人”的目标,是学者念兹在兹的重大议题。以美国面临生育自由与生育管制时的漫长拉锯为鉴,我国可以考虑逐步从公法管控迈向私法治理。由此出发,应适当放开辅助生殖技术的应用,逐步取消生育登记结婚限制。与此同时,借助《中华人民共和国民法典》第1002条、第1007条以及第1054条前段规定的无效制度规范生育行为;通过《中华人民共和国民法典》第1002条、第1054条后段以及第1071条第1款之规定,保障已出生子女的法律地位。

The question of how the state should control the private activity of reproduction in order to protect“future human beings”has been a major issue on the minds of scholars.In the light of the long tug-of-war between reproductive freedom and birth control faced by the United States,China can consider gradually moving from public law control of reproduction to private law governance of it.Viewing from this perspective,the use of assisted reproductive technology should be appropriately liberalized and marriage restrictions on birth registration should be gradually lifted.At the same time,Articles 1002 and 1007 and the invalid situations stipulated in the first part of Article 1054 of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China should be used to regulate reproduction;Article 1002,the second part of Article 1054 and Article 1071 should be employed to guarantee the legal status of the born child.