生育支持政策的权利之维——发达国家的实践及启示

Rights Protection of Fertility Support Policies:Lessons from Developed Countries

关于发达国家的生育支持政策,从生育权利保障角度进行考察可知,这一政策体系具有“国家—个体”关系维度、以“国家—社会—个体”关系为基础的共同体维度的二维构造。前者以保障国民生存福祉为原则,以生育保障获得权和性别平等权为核心构造;后者以作为生育保障获得权补强机制的多元主体共同负担原则、婴幼儿的保育权为主要内容。生育支持政策鼓励生育的功能性目标,需通过上述权利的保障得以实现。从权利保障视域研究发达国家的生育支持政策,可以在基本理念、体系结构以及保障措施等方面为中国生育支持政策的建构提供借鉴与参考。

Examining how fertility support policies of developed countries help safeguard reproductive rights,we can see that this policy system has a two-dimensional structure consisting of a“state-individual”relationship dimension and a community dimension based on the“state-society-individual”relationship.The former is based on the principle of ensuring the“survival and well-being”of the people,with the core structure of the right to access reproductive security and gender equality.The latter mainly focuses on the principle of shared responsibility among multiple entities as a mechanism for strengthening the right to obtain reproductive security and the right of care-education for infants and young children.The functional goal of“encouraging fertility”in the fertility support policy needs to be achieved through the protection of the aforementioned rights.Studying how the fertility support policies of developed countries protect these rights can provide reference for China's construction of fertility support policies in terms of basic concepts,system structure,and safeguard measures.