2022年重庆市巴南区3~18岁学生人群乙肝表面抗体水平调查研究

Investigation on the surface antibody levels of viral hepatitis B among students aged 3-18 years in Banan District of Chongqing in 2022

目的 了解2022年重庆市巴南区3~18岁学生人群的乙肝表面抗体(hepatitis B surface antibody, HBsAb)水平。方法 用非比例分层抽样方法选取中心城区、乡镇两层3~18岁学生人群111 208人,使用免疫层析法检测样本静脉血中的HBsAb,分析其HBsAb阳性数和阳性率。结果 HBsAb阳性数有48 385例,阳性率为43.51%,95%CI为43.20%~43.80%。中心城区阳性数35 753例,阳性率为44.03%;乡镇阳性数12 632例,阳性率为42.10%。不同区域学生阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=33.19,P<0.05)。3~6岁组阳性数5 025例,阳性率为71.19%,年龄组阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6289.67,P<0.05)。性别比为1.01∶1,阳性率性别差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.55、P=0.11,P>0.05)。幼儿园阳性数2 318例,阳性率高达77.01%,各类学校阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5913.42,P<0.01)。中心城区各类学校学生阳性数有35 753例,阳性率为44.03%,高于乡镇各类学校学生。结论 巴南区3~18岁学生人群HBsAb阳性率总体不高,中心城区人群阳性率高于乡镇,4类学校学生阳性率随年龄呈现降低趋势。

Objective To investigate the level of hepatitis B surface antibody(HBsAb) in a population of students aged 3-18 years in Banan District, Chongqing, China in 2022. Methods 111,208 students aged 3-18 years were selected by non-proportional stratified sampling method from the central city and townships, and HBsAb was detected in the venous blood of the samples by immunochromatography, and the number of HBsAb positives and the positivity rate of the samples were analyzed. Results The number of positive cases was 48,385,with a positivity rate of 44.03%(95%CI: 43.2-43.8). Specifically, the number of positive cases in the urban areas was 35,753,with a positivity rate of 44.03%,while the number of positive cases in the rural areas was 12,632,with a positivity rate of 42.10%. There were statistically significant differences in positivity rates among students in different regions(χ^(2)=33.19,P<0.05). In the 3-6 age group, there were 5,025 positive cases, with a positivity rate of 71.19%,showing statistically significant differences among age groups(χ^(2)=6289.67,P<0.05). The gender ratio was 1.01∶1,and there was no statistically significant difference in positivity rates between genders(χ^(2)=2.55, P>0.05). Kindergarten had 2,318 positive cases, with an exceptionally high positivity rate of 77.01%,showing statistically significant differences among different types of schools(χ^(2)=5913.42,P<0.01). Students from various types of schools in urban areas had 35,753 positive cases, with a positivity rate of 44.03%,higher than those in rural areas. Conclusion The overall HBsAb positivity rate among students aged 3-18 years was not high in Banan District. Urban areas exhibited higher positivity rates compared to rural areas. Additionally, there was a declining trend in positivity rates among students of different ages in the four school categories.