γ-聚谷氨酸的研究进展

Research progress of poly-γ-glutamic acid

γ-聚谷氨酸(poly-γ-glutamic acid,γ-PGA)是一种天然的阴离子聚合物,由γ-酰胺键连接D-或/和L-谷氨酸的α-氨基与相邻谷氨酸的γ-羧基的重复结构组成。γ-PGA具有极强的水溶性、可生物降解性、生物相容性、安全无毒、可食用和环境友好的生物学特性,被广泛应用于农业、环境保护、医药、食品、工业和化妆品等领域,是一种较为理想的新型生物材料,拥有巨大的应用前景及经济价值,近年来引起越来越多的国内外研究人员的关注。现就γ-PGA的结构、理化性质、产生菌株、相关基因、生物合成以及应用等方面作一概述。

Poly-γ-glutamic acid(γ-PGA) is a naturalanion polymer, which is composed of repeating D-and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked through γ-glutamyl bonds between the α-amino of a glutamic acid and carboxy of an adjacent glutamic acid. It exhibits excellent biological properties, such as good water solubility, biodegradability, biocompatibility, edibility, non-toxicity and environment-friendly property. As an ideal new biomaterial, γ-PGA has been widely used in agriculture, environmental protection, medicine, food, industry, cosmetics and many other fields. Therefore, γ-PGA has enormous application prospects and commercial values, and attracted wide attention of more and more researchers at home and abroad in recent years. In this review, the structure, biological characteristics, bacterial strains, biosynthesis related genes and applications of γ-PGA are summarized.