预防性及治疗性乙型肝炎疫苗的研究进展

Progress in prophylactic and therapeutic hepatitis B vaccines

乙型病毒性肝炎(viral hepatitis type B,简称乙肝)是一个严重的世界性公共卫生问题,该疾病在健康人群中发病率极高,同时也在慢性乙肝患者中引起极高的死亡率。乙肝是一种可预防的疾病,用于预防的乙肝疫苗经过三代发展,已有安全、有效的疫苗上市,该疫苗的使用使慢性乙肝患者(包括肝细胞性肝癌患者)的发病率急剧下降。但目前尚无清除乙肝患者体内病毒的特效药物,增强机体免疫反应的治疗性疫苗可能是抗病毒药物的替代品。针对乙肝患者的治疗性疫苗正被广泛研究,包含重组蛋白疫苗、DNA疫苗和脂肽疫苗等。现就国内外预防性及治疗性乙肝疫苗的研究进展作一概述。

Viral hepatitis type B is a serious worldwide public health problem, with a very high prevalence in the healthy population and a very high mortality rate among chronic hepatitis B patients. Hepatitis B is a preventable disease. The safe and effective prophylactic hepatitis B vaccines are now available on the market after three generations of vaccine improvement, and the use of which has led to a dramatic decrease in the incidence of chronic hepatitis B patients, including patients with hepatocellular liver cancer. However, there are no effective drugs to remove the virus from hepatitis B patients, and therapeutic vaccines that enhance the body's immune response may be an alternative to antiviral drugs. Therapeutic vaccines for hepatitis B patients are being widely studied, including recombinant protein vaccines, DNA vaccines and lipopeptide vaccines. An overview of the research progress of prophylactic and therapeutic hepatitis B vaccines at home and abroad is presented.