凉水国家级自然保护区三趾啄木鸟冬春季节取食生境选择和取食活动特征

Foraging habitat selection and foraging activities of Picoides tridactylus during winter and spring in Liangshui National Nature Reserve,Heilongjiang,China

2022年4—5月和11—12月在黑龙江省凉水国家级自然保护区开展野外调查,收集三趾啄木鸟的取食生境及取食活动特征数据。利用资源选择函数分析影响三趾啄木鸟取食生境选择的重要因子,通过卡方检验、Mann-Whitney U检验比较冬春季节取食生境选择和取食活动间的差异,采用基于“利用-可利用”的Bailey方法探讨其取食偏好。结果表明:优势乔木树种和枯立木数量是影响三趾啄木鸟取食生境选择的重要因子,其偏好在优势乔木为云、冷杉且枯立木数量多的生境中取食;偏好取食的树木高度在10~20 m、胸径在15~45 cm,春季偏好半枯立木,对红松表现出随机利用,冬季偏好枯立木,避免选择红松。三趾啄木鸟偏好在树的主干取食,春季偏好采用轻啄的方式在树中部取食,取食时长较短,冬季偏好采用凿取的方式在树上部取食,取食时长较长。三趾啄木鸟的取食生境选择和取食活动特征在冬春季节呈现出一定的差异。

We conducted field surveys on foraging habitat and foraging activities of Picoides tridactylus in Liangshui National Nature Reserve of Heilongjiang Province,China,from April to May and November to December 2022.By using the resource selection function,we analyzed the factors affecting foraging habitat selection of P.tridactylus,compared the differences between foraging habitat selection and foraging activities in winter and spring by chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests,and investigated their foraging preference with Bailey's method.The results showed that dominant tree species and dead arbor number were the important factors affecting foraging habitat selection of P.tridactylus.They preferred habitats with a large number of dead arbor and dominant trees,such as Picea asperata and Abies fabri.They preferred trees with a height of 10-20 m and a diameter at breast height of 15-45 cm.In spring,they favored semi-withered arbors and showed random utilization of P.koraiensis.During winter,they preferred dead arbors and avoided choosing P.koraiensis.They preferred to forage on tree trunk,in spring pecking in the middle of the tree for a short duration,and during winter,digging in the upper part of the tree for a long duration.Foraging habitat selection and foraging activities of P.koraiensis showed certain differences between winter and spring.