非法经营同类营业罪的法教义学解析

Legal Doctrinal Analysis of the Crime of Ilegal Operation of the Same Kind of Business

《刑法修正案(十二)》关于非法经营同类营业罪的立法修改落实了党中央关于民营企业保护发展的决策部署,因应了民营企业产权保护的现实需求。非法经营同类营业罪的修改主要体现在对犯罪主体范围适用的扩大。刑法修正后,在尚未有司法解释出台前,对于该罪的适用,应结合前置法以及立法的规范目的予以综合考量。关于“董事、监事、高级管理人员”的认定应参照前置法的相关规定,考虑规范目的和不同所有制主体之间的治理结构差异,坚持形式审查与实质判断相结合的方法。在客观行为“经营同类行为”的判断标准上,需把握“经营性”和“竞争性”两个特点。关于本罪中“非法利益”的认定,应是指相关人员自营、他营公司、企业的非法获利。考虑到侵害法益的不同,同类情形下非国家工作人员涉及罪名中的数额标准应有所差异。“致使公司、企业利益遭受重大损失”,不仅应包括已经实际造成的财产损失,还包括对公司的预期利益所造成的损害。预期利益宜限定在相对确定的利益。

In the Amendment XII to the Criminal Law,the legislative amendment to the crime of illegal operation of the same kind of business has implemented the Party Central Committee’s decisions and arrangements on the protection and development of private enterprises,and complied with the actual needs of the protection of the property rights of private enterprises.The modification of the crime of illegal operation of the same kind of business is mainly reflected in the expansion of the scope of application of the subject of the crime.After the amendment to the criminal law,before the introduction of judicial interpretation,the application of the crime should be comprehensively considered in combination with the pre-law and the normative purpose of the legislation.The identification of“directors,supervisors and senior managers”should refer to the relevant provisions of the pre-law,considering the normative purpose and the differences in the governance structure among different ownership subjects,and adhere to the combination of formal review and substantive judgment.In the judgment standard of objective behavior“operating the same kind of business”,it is necessary to grasp the two characteristics of“operating”and“competitive”.The identification of“illegal interests”in this crime should refer to the illegal profits of relevant personnel self-operated,other-operated companies and enterprises.Considering the different infringement of legal interests,the amount standard of non-state staff involved in the crime should be different in the same situation.“Causing significant losses to the interests of the company or the enterprise”should include not only the actual property losses,but also the damage to the company’s expected interests.Expected interests should be limited to a relatively certain scope.