意定监护产生的代理权范围厘定

Determination of the Scope of the Agency Right Arising from Voluntary Guardianship

对于意定监护协议,只在《民法典》第33条进行了原则性规定,鉴于监护是通过赋予代理权的方式保障无民事行为能力人和限制民事行为能力人的权益,弥补其民事行为能力不足的法律制度,需进一步探讨意定监护中意定监护人的职责范围,以解决代理权的有效性问题。比起法定监护,意定监护的代理权范围由约定产生,因此类似于意定代理,但因协议发生效力时被监护人已经丧失或部分丧失行为能力,此时产生法定代理的效果。基于委托等基础关系产生的职责包括财产管理、人身监护以及对外代理权,该职责范围可以比照民法典代理以及合同编委托合同进行准用,具体需要根据法定监护中的概括的财产管理权和人身监护权作出特殊约定,此外因人身监护权涉及不能代理人身专属性的权利而需对其范围进行限缩。

Regarding the voluntary guardianship agreement,only the fundamental provisions are stipulated in Article 33 of the Civil Code.Considering that guardianship,by granting the right of agency,safeguards the rights and interests of individuals without capacity for civil conduct or with limited capacity for civil conduct so as to make up for their lack of capacity for civil conduct,there is a need for further discussion on duties of voluntary guardians to address the issue of the effectiveness of the right of agency.In comparison to statutory guardianship,the scope of the agency right in voluntary guardianship arises from agreement,resembling voluntary agency.However,because the ward has already lost or partially lost legal capacity when the agreement takes effect,it results in the effects of statutory agency.Duties arising from foundational relationships such as entrustment encompass property management,personal guardianship,and external agency rights.This scope of responsibilities can be referenced in accordance with the Agency and Contracts of Mandate in the Civil Code.Specific provisions need to be made in accordance with the guardians’rights of property management and personal guardianship generalized in the statutory guardianship.Moreover,constraints on the scope of the personal guardianship rights concerning exclusive personal rights that cannot be represented should be imposed.