足球行业自治行为的反垄断法审查:“欧洲超级联赛案”对我国的启示

The Review of the Anti-monopoly Law on the Autonomous Behavior of Football Industry:the Revelation of the"European Super League Case"to China

“欧洲超级联赛案”是欧盟法院运用竞争法规范对欧洲足球联盟的赛事组织规则与决策进行裁判的又一案例。法院认为,欧洲足球协会联盟和国际足球协会联盟对于欧洲超级联赛的不予批准决定与对于成员俱乐部与球员的处罚措施,未能依据合理的标准,进而违反欧盟竞争法。鉴于反垄断法的实施不仅能够促进足球自治“向善”,且能够检验足球行业自治的合法性,而我国足球行业反垄断实践较少,因而欧盟法院的反垄断法适用框架值得我国借鉴。我国需要探索足球协会赛事组织行为的反垄断适用规则且在其中建立行为合理性的判断标准,同时形成“比例性”的足球行业自治的反垄断豁免规则,才能使足球行业的反垄断审查有效运行。

The European Super League case is another case in which the Court of Justice of European Union(CJEU)applied the norms of EU competition law to the organizational rules and decisions of the Union of European Football Associations(UEFA).The Court found that the decisions on refusing to grant approval to the Super League made by the UEFA and the Fédération Internationale de Football Association(FIFA),and the penalties imposed on its member clubs and players,failed to comply with the criteria of reasonableness and thus infringing EU competition law.The implementation of the antitrust law not only promote the“sound development”of football governance,but also test the legitimacy of football industry rules.In China,since the antitrust enforcement in the football industry is rare,it is worthwhile for China to draw reference from the application of competition law by the CJEU.Therefore,by learning from the EU experience,China needs to explore the application of the Anti-monopoly Law to the organization of football matches by football associations and establish the criteria related to the reasonableness of governance,and at the same time,form the“proportional”antitrust exemption rules for the football governance,so as to ensure the antitrust review in the football industry more effective.