《辛丑条约》使馆界四至谈判研究

A Study of the Negotiations of the Boundaries of the Legation Quarter in Beijing in the Boxer Protocol

在东交民巷划定使馆界,保护使馆和外交人员安全是《辛丑条约》的重要内容。由于使馆具体情况不同和未来预期、战略目标、国家利益上的分歧,列强在划定使馆界东、西边界时发生了较大争议。其中英、美两国态度较为“温和”,客观上给中方提供了挽回利权的机会。中外谈判期间,中方代表不得不同意列强有关使馆界的绝大部分要求,但也据理力争,保住了原被划入界内的宗人府、吏部、户部和礼部,争取到了东长安街的通行和管辖权。但《辛丑条约》以《使馆界线说帖》为附件,未收入中外确认使馆界四至及其他细节的往来照会,实际上有损中方的谈判成果。

An important component of the Boxer Protocol was to establish the Legation Quarter in the Dongjiaominxiang to ensure the safety of diplomatic personnel and legations.Due to the differences in their future expectations,strategic objectives,national interests and location of legations,major disputes arose among the Great Powers when delimiting the eastern and western boundaries of the Legation Quarter.The attitudes of Britain and the United States were relatively moderate,which objectively provided an opportunity for China to recover its rights.During the negotiations,the Chinese representatives had to agree with most of the requirements of the Great Powers,but they fought hard to preserve the yamens of the Imperial Clan Court,Ministry of Personnel,Ministry of Revenue and Ministry of Rites and to obtain the right of way and jurisdiction of the East Chang'an Avenue.However,instead of the notes between China and the Great Powers confirming the boundaries and other details of the Legation Quarter,the Description of the boundaries of the Legation quarter at Peking was appended to the Boxer Protocol,and the results of China's negotiations were undermined.