基于“毒损脑络”理论探讨川芎嗪防治阿尔茨海默病的可行性

Exploration of feasibility of tetramethylpyrazine in prevention and treatment of Alzheimer'sdisease based on theory of “toxin damaging brain collaterals”

随着老龄化程度的不断加深,阿尔茨海默病已成为我国健康卫生事业不容忽视的社会问题。在中医领域,阿尔茨海默病用于描述痴呆、健忘等认知能力缺陷的病症。经过历代医家的传承总结,“毒损脑络”理论已成为该病较为成熟的病机假说。瘀血作为其中一大致病毒邪,与现代药理学中探讨阿尔茨海默病的相关理论也有着紧密联系。川芎是临床治疗阿尔茨海默病方剂中的高频药味,川芎嗪作为其主要成分之一,具有舒张血管、抗血小板聚集、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗心肌缺血等一系列心血管系统药理作用,体现了川芎活血化瘀的功效,但尚未有充足的研究着眼于川芎嗪单一成分对阿尔茨海默病病理机制的影响。该文从中医理论与现代药理角度入手,在心血管功能、氧化应激、炎症反应、线粒体功能、胆碱能系统等多个方面探讨了川芎嗪对阿尔茨海默病相关病理及致病机制的影响,并对未来利用川芎嗪防治阿尔茨海默病做出了展望。

With the deepening of the aging of society,Alzheimer's disease has become a serious problem in China's health service.In the field of traditional Chinese medicine,Alzheimer's disease is used to describe cognitive deficits such as dementia and amnesia.After the inheritance and summary of successive generations,the theory of“toxin damaging brain collaterals”has become a mature pathogenesis hypothesis of this disease.Blood stasis,as one of the main viral pathogens,is also closely related to the theory of Alzheimer's disease in modern pharmacology.Chuanxiong Rhizoma is used frequently in clinical prescriptions of Alzheimer's disease.Tetramethylpyrazine has a series of pharmacological effects on cardiovascular system such as vasodilation,anti-platelet aggregation,anti-atherosclerosis and anti-myocardial ischemia,which reflects the effects of activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis.However,few studies have focused on the effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine theory and modern pharmacology,this article discussed the effects of tetramethylpyrazine on the pathology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease from the aspects of cardiovascular function,oxidative stress,inflammatory response,mitochondrial function,cholinergic system,etc.,and made prospects for the future use of tetramethylpyrazine to prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease.