基于中西医临床病证特征的轻度认知障碍动物模型分析

Animal Models of Mild Cognitive Impairment Based on the Characteristics of Clinical Conditions in TCM and Western Medicine

轻度认知障碍通常被认为是介于正常认知和痴呆之间的中间阶段,是阿尔茨海默病的前驱期,主要临床症状为认知障碍和记忆力减退、但日常生活能力相对保留,目前还未发现可有效治愈、预防甚至减轻该疾病的干预措施,迫切需要寻找或建立高效稳定的动物模型来辅助对轻度认知障碍发病机制及其相关干预措施的研究。本文基于轻度认知障碍中西医病因病机及诊断标准对现有动物模型制备方法进行分析探讨,以自然衰老型、Aβ诱导型、APP/PS-1基因工程型及高脂饲料联合D-半乳糖诱导型中西医临床吻合度高。但当前轻度认知障碍的造模方法多以西医理论为指导,模型检测指标与中医临床诊断标准尚不统一,中医吻合度评价较为困难。因此本文通过总结分析轻度认知障碍动物模型的吻合度与造模特点,综合评价不同种类动物模型的使用效能,为进一步建立具有中西医临床病证特点的轻度认知障碍动物模型提出建议,更好地推动探索轻度认知障碍发病机制及相关干预药物的研究。

Mild cognitive impairment is usually considered an intermediate stage between normal cognition and dementia,and is the precursor of Alzheimer's disease,with the main clinical symptoms of cognitive impairment and memory loss,but the ability in daily life is preserved.Currently,no effective interventions have been found to cure,prevent,or even mitigate the disease.It is urgent to find or establish efficient and stable animal models to assist in the study of the pathogenesis of mild cognitive impairment and its related interventions.This study analyzed and discussed the preparation methods of existing animal models based on the etiology,pathogenesis,and diagnostic criteria in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and western medicine.The mild cognitive impairment models induced by natural aging,Aβ,APP/PS-1 genetic engineering,and high-fat diet combined with D-galactose highly coincided with clinical conditions in TCM and western medicine.However,since the current modeling methods for mild cognitive impairment are mostly guided by western medical theory,the model detection indexes are not uniform with the clinical diagnostic criteria of TCM,and it is difficult for the evaluation of the coincidence with TCM.Therefore,this study comprehensively evaluated the application efficiency of different types of animal models by summarizing and analyzing the coincidence and modeling characteristics of animal models of mild cognitive impairment,and put forward suggestions for further establishment of animal models of mild cognitive impairment with the characteristics of TCM and western medicine clinical conditions,aiming at promoting the research on the pathogenesis of mild cognitive impairment and related intervention drugs.