移民地缘政治的西方地理学研究进展与启示

THE PROGRESS AND IMPLICATIONS OF THE GEOPOLITICS OF MIGRATION IN WESTERN GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH

在全球化时代,移民是体现、调节和塑造地缘政治的一种不可忽视的力量。移民地缘政治作为一个新兴的研究领域,对于理解和促进“人类命运共同体”的构建有重要意义。本文回顾了移民地缘政治的发展脉络和主要议题,认为:(1)移民地缘政治强调移民与流动性作为塑造和承载地缘政治力量的主体,重点分析移民相关的实践和地缘政治在不同尺度下的相互作用。(2)作为对传统民族国家分析尺度的突破,移民地缘政治将超国家实体、城市、家庭、身体等纳入了批判地缘政治的研究议程,是对移民治理、地缘政治实践变化的回应,也受后现代理论思潮的启发。(3)难民、边境工作、劳工、离散族裔是目前讨论较多的四个研究议题,它们从不同维度丰富了移民如何作为地缘政治的过程、中介和主体的理解。本文认为国内地理学应该更加关注移民多尺度、多主体的社会文化实践与地缘政治过程的关系。

In the era of globalization,migrants are unneglectable forces that magnify,mediate,and modify geopolitics.In geographical literature,the geopolitics of migration has become an emerging field of study that critically juxtaposes migrants'experiences with geopolitical processes.By tracing the theoretical and em-pirical progress of the field,this article outlines the ontological and epistemological reflections that facilitate the ongoing dialogues between geopolitics and migration studies.It argues that:1)Ontologically,the geopoli-tics of migration stresses migration-related practices as the embodiment of geopolitical tensions and the en-meshment of geopolitical actors.This challenges the state-centered characterization of international relations,by politicalizing the territorialization and deterritorialization of human mobility.2)The geopolitics of migra-tion offers decentered,relational,and materialist epistemologies by harnessing postmodern theories such as feminism,biopolitics,and assemblage thinking.Then,this article maps four often-discussed themes of em-pirical concern,including refugees,borderwork,labors,and diasporas.By doing so,it illustrates how each theme enriches the documentation and theorization of geopolitical processes,mediations,and subjects from different angles.Zooming in on the themes allows an engagement of research with evolving migration gover-nance and geopolitical praxis.Lastly,this article suggests exploring more possible junctions of migration and geopolitics in previously neutralized interfaces between migration and nonhumans,technologies,and envi-ronment.