中国铁路集装箱运输网络演化特征研究

EVOLUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF CHINA'S RAILWAY CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION NETWORK

集装箱运输作为铁路货运的重要组成部分,其健康发展对推动我国调整运输结构,支撑运输新发展格局意义重大。利用铁路集装箱办理站数据,采用社会网络分析法及社区发现算法探究铁路货运市场化改革后的运输网络演化特征。研究结论:(1)办理站数量和运量增加明显,后者增长表现出滞后性和均衡化特征,铁路集装箱运输正为保障国民经济平稳运行提供有力支撑;防城港、乌鲁木齐等沿边城市重要性提升,正逐渐形成以环渤海运输网、东部次级运输网、西北运输网、西南运输网为主要架构的层级性运输网络。(2)运输主干网络由昆明、防城港、昌吉、石河子、营口等城市构成,且全国范围内“区域—门户”结构明显。功能上,重庆、成都、昆明“桥梁”作用显著,乌鲁木齐、昌吉等城市中转功能明显。(3)组团特征空间邻近性特征与空间跳跃性特征同时存在,但破碎化、分散化趋势明显;经济联系正成为组团形成的主要动力,但地理隔阂对运输的影响仍不可忽视。合理调控站点数量与布局、针对性强化城市运输功能等举措有助于调整运输结构,构建高效物流体系。

As an important part of railway freight transport,the healthy development of container transport is of great significance for promoting the adjustment of China's transportation structure and support the new pattern of transportation development.Based on the data of railway container loading and unloading station,this paper uses social network analysis and community discovery algorithm to explore the evolution charac-teristics of transportation network after the reform of railway freight marketization.The results show that:1)The number and volume of handling stations have obviously increased,and the later growth shows the characteristics of lag and balance.Railway container transportation is providing strong support for ensuring the stable operation of the national economy.2)The transportation backbone network is composed of Kun-ming,Fangchenggang,Changji,Shihezi,Yingkou and other cities,and the"regional-gateway"structure is obvious throughout the country.From the functional point of view,Chongqing,Chengdu and Kunming play a significant role as"bridges",while cities such as Urumqi and Changji have obvious transit functions.3)The spatial proximity and spatial jumping characteristics of group characteristics coexist,but the trend of frag-mentation and decentralization is obvious.