传统村落旅游生计转型意愿及影响机制研究——以古丈县默戎镇龙鼻嘴村为例

STUDY ON THE WILLINGNESS AND IMPACT MECHANISM OF TOURISM LIVELIHOOD TRANSFORMATION IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGES:A CASE STUDY OF LONGBIZUI VILLAGE,MERONG TOWN,GUZHANG COUNTY

农户生计状况是实现乡村振兴和乡村可持续发展过程中需要关注的重点,旅游作为当前传统村落开发的重要方式,直接给当地农户的生计类型选择带来深刻影响。文章以湖南省古丈县默戎镇龙鼻嘴村为案例地,通过笔者对政府和企业的走访,以及入户调查获取数据,以可持续生计框架为基础构建了旅游驱动下传统村落农户生计转型分析框架和农户生计资本评价指标体系,详细分析了“墨戎苗寨”旅游开发中结构和制度的转变对当地农户生计的影响,并探讨了导致农户生计转型的影响机制。研究发现:(1)旅游发展使农户生计策略发生转变,旅游与传统的生计方式组合形成了多样化的农户生计组合形式;(2)农户生计策略出现转型和分化,形成了旅游主导型、旅游务工型、参与旅游型、务工主导型、传统纯农型和半工半农型6种类型农户;(3)不同生计策略农户,生计资本水平和转型意愿均存在差异;(4)“墨戎苗寨”形成了在政府和企业外部支持下,农户内生动力充分发展的长效机制,旅游成为农户传统生计的重要补充,提升了其生计资本。

The livelihood of farmers is the focus of attention in the process of rural revitalization and sustain-able development.Tourism,as an important way of developing traditional villages,has a direct impact on the livelihood of local farmers.Taking Longbizui Village,Merong Town,Guzhang County,Hunan Province as a case study,the paper,based on the data obtained from the author's visits to the government and enterprises and household surveys,constructs an analytical framework for the transformation of farmers'livelihoods in traditional villages driven by tourism and an indicator system for the evaluation of farmers'livelihood capi-tal,and analyzes in detail the impact of the structural and institutional changes in the tourism development of"Merong Miao Village"on the livelihoods of local farmers.It also discusses the impact mechanism that leads to the transformation of farmers'livelihoods.