翻译文化研究:概念辨析与拓展方向

Fanyi Wenhua as a Concept:The Senses It Conveys and the Focus for Its Further Development

翻译文化是个多义词,具有不同的指向,主要包括翻译中文化因素的处理、翻译研究的文化学派以及围绕翻译本身所形成的文化。其中,前两种指向在学界已有很多探索,第三种指向可作为翻译文化研究的拓展方向。第三种指向的翻译文化主要指由翻译本质、翻译价值、翻译政策、翻译规范、翻译伦理、译者形象等构成的知识体系以及公众对翻译本身的认识与认同。翻译文化建设是一个重要课题,可采取从学术到通俗(针对受众群体)、从译者到其他翻译行动者(针对建设主体)、从技能到文化(针对翻译教育)等路径,通过具体措施和集体努力,共同建构一个和谐的翻译生态环境。

As it has been used by Chinese translation scholars,the term fanyi wenhua(literally"translation culture")conveys primarily three senses:the handling of cultural elements in translation;the cultural school of translation studies;and the cultural context within which translation is practiced.Of the three the last one is the least explored and should therefore be the focus of our efforts to further develop the concept.Broadly speaking,fanyi wenhua in its third sense refers to a knowledge system consisting of the foundational assumptions about,basic values of,and the regulatory policies/norms/ethics with respect to translation,the translator's persona,as well as the public's understanding of and identification with translation.Such a conception calls attention to the crucial role a sound fanyi wenhua must necessarily play in the creating of a harmonious eco-environment for translation.To facilitate further development of fanyi wenhua(in its third sense),three measures could be taken:i.turning academic conceptions of translation into public knowledge;i.promoting coordinated efforts by the translator and other agents of translation;and ili.paying equal attention to technical expertise acquisition and cultural awareness enhancing in translation education.