社会的实践构成:莱克维茨实践理论的洞见与不足

The Praxeological Constitution of Society:The Insights and Deficiencies of Andreas Reckwitz's Practice Theory

近年来,在莱克维茨的努力下,实践理论被引入社会学中并被改造成一套“社会实践学”理论,推动了社会理论的实践学转向。本文以莱克维茨的实践理论为中心,通过对实践理论之渊源的系统梳理,并同古典社会理论中的“经济人”和“社会人”行动理论以及现代社会理论中的心智主义、文本主义和主体间性理论相比较,呈现一种新近兴起的社会本体论及其反映的社会学之实践学转向。但同时莱克维茨的实践理论由于被过度抬升到社会本体论的高度,也产生不少弊端,值得我们后续讨论。

In recent years,Andreas Reckwitz has influentially introduced practice theory into sociology and transformed this theory into"social praxeology",which has brought about praxeological turn in contemporary social theory.This paper attempts to point out that the contribution of Reckwitz's practice theory lies in the presentation of a new social theoretical perspective,which transcends the dilemma between"homo economicus"and"homo sociologicus"and compensates for the shortcomings of mentalism,textualism and intersubjectivism.However,Reckwitz's social praxeology also has deficiencies.On the one hand,it cancels out the status of the subject.And on the other hand,it does not formulate the boundaries of research.Such shortcomings deserve further discussion in future research.