不同皮内免疫病毒疫苗的研究进展

Research progress of different intradermal viral vaccines

真皮和表皮具备独特的免疫特性,含有丰富的APC,如表皮朗格汉斯细胞和真皮树突状细胞。研究发现,由于皮内接种疫苗可显著提高细胞介导的免疫应答,特别是CD4^(+)和CD8^(+)T细胞应答,因此皮内接种作为常规肌内接种的代替途径受到了持续关注。相比标准剂量的肌内接种途径,皮内接种可诱导相当的免疫应答,却只需要较少的疫苗剂量,尤其是在常规肌内接种后免疫应答较弱的特殊人群中。在疫苗的扩大范围接种时,皮内接种方式较肌内接种相对有优势。此文就皮内免疫相关研究成果,包括皮内免疫细胞的组成特征、皮内免疫机制以及皮内接种途径在病毒疫苗研究中的应用等进行了汇总分析,对包括流感疫苗、狂犬病疫苗和新型冠状病毒疫苗等的临床研究结果与实验设计进行总结,以期为疫苗的皮内给药研究提供参考。

The dermis and epidermis have unique immune properties–abundant in APCs,such as epidermal Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells.Studies have found that intradermal(ID)vaccination significantly improves cell-mediated immune responses,particularly CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cell responses,and therefore receives continuing attention as alternative route.Compared with most vaccines administered via intramuscular(IM)injection,ID vaccination can induce a comparable immune response,with fewer doses required,especially in special populations with weak immune response after conventional IM route.ID vaccination shows relative advantages when the scope of vaccination expanded.In this paper,the existing research results related to ID immunity are summarized and analyzed,including the composition characteristics of ID immune cells,the ID immune mechanism,and the application of ID route in vaccine research,as well as the clinical research results and experimental designs of influenza vaccine,rabies vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine are summarized for reference in the study of ID administration of vaccine.