老年高血压患者疾病感知与焦虑抑郁症状相关关系研究

Study on the relationship between disease perception and anxiety and depression symptoms in elderly patients with hypertension

目的分析社区老年高血压患者疾病感知与焦虑和抑郁症状的关系,为改善其心理健康状况提供科学依据。方法于2023年4月采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法从上海市徐汇区疾病预防控制中心慢性病信息化管理平台中的老年高血压患者中抽取848名作为研究对象。分别采用病人健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑障碍量表(GAD-7)、疾病感知问卷简化版(BIPQ)评估高血压患者疾病感知现状、焦虑症状和抑郁症状。使用SPSS 26.0软件进行χ^(2)检验,采用多因素logistic回归分析疾病感知对焦虑、抑郁症状的影响。结果848名调查对象中有焦虑症状、抑郁症状者分别占17.7%和23.2%,BIPQ总分为(35.18±8.58)分。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,疾病感知总分(OR=1.069,95%CI:1.041~1.098)、疾病影响(OR=1.190,95%CI:1.046~1.353)、疾病可理解性(OR=1.276,95%CI:1.067~1.527)和疾病情绪(OR=1.178,95%CI:1.015~1.368)得分增加与高血压患者焦虑症状高风险相关;疾病感知总分(OR=1.051,95%CI:1.027~1.075)、疾病影响(OR=1.265,95%CI:1.126~1.420)、疾病关心(OR=1.158,95%CI:1.002~1.339)和疾病可理解性(OR=1.301,95%CI:1.102~1.535)得分增加与高血压患者抑郁症状高风险相关,症状识别(OR=0.852,95%CI:0.732~0.990)得分增加与高血压患者抑郁症状低风险相关。结论老年高血压患者对疾病的负性感知与焦虑抑郁症状的发生相关,帮助患者树立正确疾病认知可改善其心理健康状况。

Objective To analyze the relationship between disease perception and anxiety and depression symptoms in elderly patients with hypertension in community,and provide the scientific basis for improving their mental health.Methods In April 2023,the multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select 848 cases from elderly hypertension patients in information management platform for chronic disease in Xuhui district CDC as the subjects.The investigation was performed with Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale(PHQ-9),Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7),and The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire(BIPQ),respectively to evaluate the disease perception and anxiety and depression symptoms of subjects.Theχ^(2) test was used to analyze the data,and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the effects of disease perception on anxiety and depression symptoms.The used software was SPSS 26.0.Results Among 848 subjects,the proportions of patients with anxiety symptom and depressive symptom were 17.7%and 23.2%,respectively;the total score of BIPQ was 35.18±8.58.The results of multivariate logistic analysis showed that the increase of disease perception total score(OR=1.069,95%CI:1.041-1.098),disease effects score(OR=1.190,95%CI:1.046-1.353),disease comprehensibility score(OR=1.276,95%CI:1.067-1.527)and disease mood score(OR=1.178,95%CI:1.015-1.368)correlated to high risk of anxiety symptom;the increase of disease perception total score(OR=1.051,95%CI:1.027-1.075),disease effects score(OR=1.265,95%CI:1.126-1.420),disease care score(OR=1.158,95%CI:1.002-1.339)and disease comprehensibility score(OR=1.301,95%CI:1.102-1.535)correlated to high risk of depression symptom;the increase of symptom recognition score(OR=0.852,95%CI:0.732-0.990)correlated to low risk of depression symptom in hypertension patients.Conclusion The negative perception in elderly hypertension patients correlate to the symptoms of anxiety and depression symptoms.Patients should be helped to establish correct disease perception to improve the mental health.