基于拟靶向代谢组学的3种基原大黄的差异成分研究

Pseudo-targeted metabolomics for differential components of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma from three plant species

大黄是典型的多基原大宗中药材,研究不同基原大黄药效成分含量和比例的差异,以期实现对不同基原大黄药材质量的精准评价,为大黄在临床上的精准用药提供理论依据。该研究以相同生长年限(四年生)的唐古特大黄、掌叶大黄和药用大黄为材料,采用拟靶向代谢组学技术测定3种基原大黄中蒽醌、蒽酮及鞣质类共计220个成分的相对含量,并运用多元统计方法对差异成分进行筛选。主成分分析(PCA)结果显示,大黄样品按照基原明显聚为3类。通过正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA),最终筛选出117种差异成分,其中包括:游离蒽醌类8种,结合蒽醌类18种,蒽酮类80种,鞣质类11种。综合比较,28种成分在唐古特大黄中含量较高,主要为番泻苷类、结合蒽醌类和原花青素类化合物;35种成分在药用大黄中含量较高,主要为游离蒽醌类和儿茶素类化合物;54种成分在掌叶大黄中含量较高,主要为二蒽酮类化合物,但其结构暂不能确定。通过对3种基原大黄差异成分的分析,根据差异成分在3种基原大黄中的含量分布情况可推测出:唐古特大黄的泻下攻积之力最强,药用大黄的清热泻火功效最强,且两者的逐瘀通经功效强于掌叶大黄。

Rhei Radix et Rhizoma is common traditional Chinese medicine with multiple original plants.The content and proportion of the active components in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma from different plant species were compared to accurately evaluate the medicine quality and provide a theoretical basis for precise use of this medicine in clinical practice.In this study,fresh Rhei Radix et Rhizoma sam-ples were collected from the four-year-old plants of Rheum palmatum,R.tanguticum,and R.officinale.The relative content of 220 anthraquinones,anthrones,and tannins in the samples were determined by pseudo-targeted metabolomics,and the differential compo-nents were screened by multivariate statistical methods.The principal component analysis classified the samples into three clusters ac-cording to the original plants.The orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)screened out 117 differential com-ponents,including 8 free anthraquinones,18 anthraquinone glycosides,80 anthrones,and 11 tannins.Twenty-eight components had the highest content in R.tanguticum,mainly including sennosides,anthraquinone glycosides,and procyanidins.Thirty-five compo-nents showed the highest content in R.officinale,mainly including free anthraquinones and catechines.Fifty-four components showed the highest content in R.palmatum,mainly including dianthrones,while the structures of most of them cannot be determined tempora-rily.The content distribution of differential components in the three original plants indicates that R.tanguticum has the strongest effect of purging,while R.officinale has the strongest effect of clearing heat and purging fire,and both have stronger effects of resolvong stasis and dredging meridians than R.palmatum.