俯卧位通气对严重脑功能损伤患者低氧血症的影响

The effect of prone position ventilation on hypoxemia in patients with severe brain damage

目的观察俯卧位通气(PPV)在改善严重脑功能损伤患者低氧血症中的临床疗效。方法采用回顾性研究方法,选择2O20年8月至2O21年8月收住在浙江大学医学院附属第一医院重症医学科的140例严重脑功能损伤患者作为研究对象。按照纳入和排除标准,对氧合指数≤200mmHg(1mmHg~0.133kPa)并行PPV的20例患者进行统计分析。比较患者PPV前、PPV后12h、恢复仰卧位后12h血气分析相关指标[包括动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))吸入氧浓度(FiO_(2))氧合指数、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))pH值]和呼吸机相关参数[包括气道峰压(PIP)、呼气末正压(PEEP)、潮气量(VT)、肺动态顺应性(Cdyn)等],以及平均动脉压(MAP)心率(HR)的差异,同时记录患者PPV期间的相关并发症。结果患者男性15例,女性5例;平均年龄(46.10±17.22)岁,平均PPV时间(22.20±5.94)h。与PPV前比较,患者PPV后12h和恢复仰卧位后12hPaO_(2)、氧合指数、SaO_(2)、VT、Cdyn均明显升高[PaO_(2)(mmHg):98.35±21.85、98.45±17.90比72.15±10.14,氧合指数(mmHg):198.82±40.51、202.27±46.39比133.20±33.95,SaO_(2):0.97±0.02、0.97±0.01比0.94±0.03,VT(mL):558.42±111.23、580.29±119.44比484.82±123.77,Cdyn(mL/cmH_(2)O):26.11±5.42、27.90±5.80比24.15±6.13,均P<0.05];与PPV后12h比较,患者恢复仰卧位后12hCdyn亦明显升高(P<0.05)。患者PPV前后各时间点FiO_(2)、PaCO_(2)、pH值、PIP、PEEP、HR、MAP比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。5例患者在PPV后出现以颜面部为主的皮肤受压处红肿,恢复为仰卧位后逐渐好转。期间未出现导管脱落、恶性心律失常及明显血流动力学不稳等情况。结论PPV对改善严重脑功能损伤患者的低氧血症有一定临床疗效。

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of prone position ventilation(PPV)in improving hypoxemia in patients with severe brain damage.Methods A retrospective research method was conducted,140 patients with severe brain damage who were admitted to the department of critical care medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine from August 2020 to August 2021 were selected as subject objected.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,20 patients with oxygenation index≤200 mmHg(1 mmHg~0.133 kPa)who were treated with PPV were statistically analyzed.The patients'blood gas analysis related indicators[including arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO_(2)),fractional of inspired oxygen(FiO_(2)),oxygenation index,arterial oxygen saturation(SaO_(2)),arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO_(2)),pH value],ventilator-related parameters[including peak inspiratory pressure(PIP),positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP),tidal volume(VT),lung dynamic compliance(Cdyn),etc.],and mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR)were compared before PPV,12 hours after PPV,and 12 hours after reverting to supine position.At the same time,the related complications of patients during PPV were recorded.Results There were 15 males and 5 females,the mean age of the patients was(46.10±17.22)years old,the average PPV time was(22.20±5.94)hours.Compared with before PPV,patients showed significant increases in PaO_(2),oxygenation index,SaO_(2),VT,and Cdyn at 12 hours after PPV and 12 hours after recovery from supine position[PaO_(2)(mmHg):98.35±21.85,98.45±17.90 vs.72.15±10.14,oxygenation index(mmHg):198.82±40.51,202.27±46.39 vs.133.20±33.95,SaO_(2):0.97±0.02,0.97±0.01 vs.0.94±0.03,VT(mL):558.42±111.23,580.29±119.44vs.484.82±123.77,Cdyn(mL/cmH_(2)0):26.11±5.42,27.90±5.80 vs.24.15±6.13,all P<0.05];Compared with 12 hours after PPV,the Cdyn of the patient still showed a significant increase after 12 hours of recovery from supine position(P<0.05).There were no statistical differences in the FiO_(2),PaCO_(2),pH value,PIP,PEEP,HR,and MAP of patients at various time points before and after PPV(all P>0.05).Five patients developed redness and swelling at the skin compression site mainly on the face after PPV,which gradually improved after returning to a supine position.During this period,there was no occurrence of catheter detachment,malignant arrhythmia,or significant hemodynamic instability.Conclusion PPV has a certain clinical effect on improving hypoxemia in patients with severe brain damage.